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ABOUT CONA

Purpose

The Cultural Objects Name Authority ® (CONA), the Union List of Artist Names ® (ULAN), the Art & Architecture Thesaurus ® (AAT), the Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names ® (TGN), and the Getty Iconography Authority ™ (IA) are structured resources that can be used to improve access to information about art, architecture, and other material culture. The Vocabularies are not simply 'value vocabularies,' but knowledge bases. Through rich metadata and links, the Getty Vocabularies provide powerful conduits for knowledge creation, complex research, and discovery for digital art history and related disciplines.

  • Cataloging: For some users, the Getty Vocabularies are utilized as data value standards at the point of documentation or cataloging, to promote consistency in assignment of a term or to provide options among multiple terms referencing the same concept. The Vocabularies provide preferred names/terms and synonyms for people, places, and things. They also provide structure and classification schemes that can aid in documentation.

  • Linking: For other users, the Getty Vocabularies are used in linking, in order to reference the unique identifier of the Vocabulary record, or to otherwise reconcile their data.

  • Retrieval: For other users, the Getty Vocabularies aid in retrieval and discovery, utilizing synonymous terms, broader/narrower contexts, and other rich contextual data in search assistants, in database retrieval systems, and more broadly in a linked environment. The Vocabularies are rich knowledge bases that contain dozens of fields of rich contextual data about each concept, and semantic networks that highlight links and paths between concepts.

  • Research tools: For other users, the Getty Vocabularies are used as look-up resources, valuable because of the rich information and contextual knowledge that they contain.

    In order to meet the needs of these various user communities, the Getty Vocabularies are made available in several ways.

  • Data files: CONA, IA, AAT, TGN, and ULAN are available through APIs. AAT, TGN, and ULAN are also available as LOD, relational tables, and XML. The data release files are used by developers or incorporated in various tools by vendors or others. These releases may be transformed to comply with other formats, such as the MARC format used for ULAN and TGN in the Virtual International Authority File (VIAF®). Some of these releases contain simplified versions of the data, while others contain the full, rich data sets, providing versions to meet the requirements of various developer communities. The data file releases are refreshed periodically throughout the year. The Getty Vocabularies are published under The Getty Vocabularies are published under the Open Data Commons Attribution License (ODC-By) 1.0.

  • Online Search: The Getty Vocabularies' online search pages are consistently the top sites visited at the Getty Research Institute each month. Using these search tools, catalogers copy-and-paste Vocabulary terms and IDs as part of their daily workflow. Researchers use the search to locate rich information about the Vocabulary concepts. In the results displays, for each concept the data fields are presented in a logical full-record display for end users, as well as in hierarchical views. The online search data is refreshed monthly.

    Various releases or utilizations of the Getty Vocabulary data may contain more or less of the full, available data for each Vocabulary record, depending upon the purpose of the release. An implementation that intends to ask complex queries using the Vocabulary data would require the full available data. In another example, if a developer only needs to link to the unique identifier for the concept, perhaps a streamlined data set would be more appropriate; e.g., the ULAN data (and soon TGN data also) that is included in the VIAF is a subset of the full data available, which is streamlined and parsed to fit the particular requirements of MARC.

    Target audience: The five Getty vocabularies are intended to provide terminology and other information about the objects, artists, concepts, and places important to various disciplines that specialize in art, architecture, and other material culture. The primary users of the Getty vocabularies include researchers in art and art history, museums, art libraries, archives, visual resource collection catalogers, conservation specialists, archaeological projects, bibliographic projects concerned with art, and the developers and information specialists who are dealing with the needs of these users. In addition, a significant number of users of the Getty vocabularies are students or members of the general public.

Comprehensiveness and updates: CONA gathers titles, creator attributions, physical characteristics, depicted subjects, and other metadata about visual works, such as architecture, painting, sculpture, and many other types of works. CONA may contain information about objects that are ceremonial or utilitarian in nature, but are not necessarily labeled as art according to traditional Western aesthetics. Through rich metadata, unique IDs, and links, CONA and the other Getty Vocabularies provide powerful conduits for knowledge creation, research, and discovery for digital art history and related disciplines. See Scope and Structure below.

CONA is a compiled resource; it grows through contributions. By congregating multiple contributions, CONA may merge information about a work that may come from different and even contradictory sources, including the repository and scholars. CONA contains thousands of records to represent and serve as examples for many types of works and relationships. Current priorities for CONA development focus on works not necessarily in repositories, such as architecture, multiples such as prints, lost and destroyed works, works designed but never built, performance art, and works depicted in other works or visual surrogates. Among the current contributors are the Built Works Registry, projects at the Getty Research Institute and Getty Museum, an Ansel Adams negatives and prints project, and records contributed by members of the International Terminology Working Group. As of this writing, CONA contains 86,297 work records (107,549 titles).

Minimum Record: A minimum record in CONA contains a numeric ID, title or name, creator, object/work type, date of creation, current location, materials, dimensions, and subject. However, the data model allows for links between works, history of construction, dates on names, and other rich, complex data as described below.

Contribute to the Getty Vocabularies: Read about contributions. Institutions, scholarly projects, or scholars or other experts who are interested in contributing to CONA may contact us at vocab@getty.edu.


Mission and History of CONA

Mission: The mission of the Getty Vocabulary Program (GVP) is to produce rich, structured, authoritative vocabularies, in compliance with international standards, that provide a powerful conduit for inter-related, linked, and meaningful research, discovery, and understanding of the visual arts and their various histories, in collaboration with the international community, and utilizing training and outreach to inform the field. One of our primary goals is to broaden and enrich the scope and coverage of the Getty Vocabularies to become ever more multilingual, multicultural, inclusive, and representative of the subjects and priorities of the GRI, the Getty, and global art history.

History: CONA is an implementation of the CDWA (Categories for the Description of Works of Art). For many years, the broader user community of visual resources professionals and others who reference art works in their materials have suggested that the Getty Vocabulary Program should compile a resource comprising unique numeric identifiers and brief records for art and architecture, including the variations on title and contextual metadata. They have long struggled with determining which information was authoritative about a work and with disambiguating information between objects that were similar. Having a unique CONA ID for works would allow links to be made. However, given that allowing only one ID for each work is unrealistic in cataloging and description, CONA was also seen as a way to coordinate or create concordances between the various IDs that refer to a unique work in different resources. Thus the CONA project was enthusiastically embraced by the target user community. Mapping of the common data model that was already in use for all three existing vocabularies (AAT, TGN, ULAN) to potential CONA fields was completed at around the same time as the development of CCO (Cataloging Cultural Objects), a more concise offshoot of the CDWA (Categories for the Description of Works of Art). Both CCO and CDWA, which reflect consensus in the user community of best practice in cataloging art and architecture, lay out the required fields and rules for cataloging art objects.

In the rapidly evolving environment of linked open data, it is hoped that CONA will be a resource for metadata about art works and other cultural heritage objects. The growth and utility of CONA will depend upon contributions from users, enhanced by links to the expanding universe of linked data.

Currently, Patricia Harpring is Managing Editor of the Getty Vocabulary Program, within the Getty Research Institute's Research and Knowledge Creation section, led by Nancy Um. Editors are Jonathan Ward, Robin Johnson, and Antonio Beecroft. The technical team is located in the Getty Digital division; team members include Lily Pregill, Gregg Garcia, and David Newbury.


Scope and Structure of CONA

Scope: CONA currently focuses on architecture, multiples, lost and destroyed works, works designed but not built, performance art, and works depicted in visual surrogates or other works. In general, the scope of CONA may include many types of visual works, including architecture and movable works such as paintings, sculpture, prints, drawings, manuscripts, photographs, textiles, basketry, ceramics, furniture, other visual media such as frescoes and architectural sculpture, performance art, archaeological artifacts, and various functional or ceremonial objects that are from the realm of material culture and of the type collected by museums. However, it is our goal to be ever more inclusive of various cultures and their visual works; thus objects recorded in CONA are not necessarily labeled as art according to traditional Western aesthetics. CONA records may represent built works or movable works, whether extant or historical, whether realized or conceptual. Works that are destroyed, disassembled, or planned but not constructed may be included. In CONA, data may be contributed from multiple contributors and other sources; the resulting compilation or linking of metadata could provide a rich resource for researchers and other users. The unique ID that CONA provides for works is seen as useful by members of the community for disambiguation of linked data about works; a concordance of the CONA ID and IDs for the work from other resources can enable a practical solution to the problem of uniquely identifying a work in the semantic Web and beyond.

What is excluded in CONA? In general, out of scope for CONA are objects in natural history or scientific collections, although these works indeed fit into the framework of CONA and may be included if collected in art museums. CONA may include artists' films, but in general films, literary works, or musical works are out of scope for CONA. Limited exceptions may occur when such creations are considered visual works or produced by conceptual artists. CONA does not include records for corporate bodies, although the building that houses the corporate body could be included, even if it has the same name as the corporate body. For example the buildings of the National Gallery of Art in Washington, DC, are included in CONA; however, the corporate body that inhabits those buildings, also called the National Gallery of Art, is outside the scope of CONA (but within scope for ULAN).

Structure: CONA is a unique structured metadata resource. The focus of each CONA record is a work of art or architecture. In the database, each work's record (also called a subject in the database, not to be confused with iconographical depicted subjects of art works) is identified by a unique numeric ID. Linked to each work's record are titles/names, current location, dates, other fields, related works, a parent (that is, a position in the hierarchy), sources for the data, and notes. The coverage of CONA is global, from prehistory through the present. Names or titles may be current, historical, and in various languages.

More about scope and structure: There are many fields in CONA, however through titles/names (equivalence relationships), as well as hierarchical and associative relationships, the basic structure of CONA is that of a thesaurus in compliance with ISO and NISO standards. Although it may be displayed as a list, CONA is a hierarchical database with parent/child relationships, as between a building complex and its constituent buildings. The trees of the CONA hiearchy branch from a root called Top of the CONA hierarchy (Subject_ID: 700000000). There may be multiple broader contexts, making CONA polyhierarchical. In addition to the hierarchical relationships (e.g., between a print and the larger volume to which it belongs), CONA has equivalence relationships (between equivalent titles/names) and associative relationships (e.g., between a sketch and the final work). The primary top divisions of CONA are the facets Built Work and Movable Work; other facets include Conceptual Works, Visual Surrogates, and Unidentified Named Works.

Built Works:  For CONA, built works include structures or parts of structures that are the result of conscious construction, are of practical use, are relatively stable and permanent, and are of a size and scale appropriate for, but not limited to, habitable buildings. Models and miniature buildings are not built works (they are movable works). Most built works in CONA are manifestations of the built environment that are typically classified as fine art, meaning it is generally considered to have esthetic value, was designed by an architect (whether or not his or her name is known), and constructed with skilled labor. However, other structures that do not fall under this definition may also be included.

Movable Works: For CONA, movable works include the visual arts and other cultural works that are of the type collected by art museums and special collections, or by an ethnographic, anthropological, or other museum, or owned by a private collector. Examples include paintings, sculpture, prints, drawings, manuscripts, photographs, ceramics, textiles, furniture, and other visual media such as frescoes and architectural sculpture, performance art, archaeological artifacts, and various functional objects that are from the realm of material culture and of the type collected by museums. Are monumental works “movable works”? For stained glass windows, architectural sculptures, frescoes, freestanding monumental sculptures, furniture, and such other large works, the works should be cataloged as movable works, because their characteristics (types of artists, materials, designs, etc.) have more in common with movable works than with architecture; such works should be linked to the built work with which they are associated, if any.

With the exception of performance art, built works and movable works in CONA represent unique physical works or groups of physical works. However, CONA may include works that were never built or that no longer exist, for example designs for a building that was not constructed or a work that has been destroyed.

Conceptual Works: This facet contains records for series as a concept, conceptual records for multiples, records for a conceptual group as for an architectural competition, and other similar records. Physical works, such as prints that belong to a series, may be linked to the conceptual record for the series or other conceptual works.

Visual Surrogates: This facet contains records for images and three-dimensional works intended to be surrogates for the works depicted, for example study photographs.

Unidentified Named Works: This facet contains records for works described in archival inventories or other sources, but their identity is not established.


Information in the CONA Record (Fields)

Click on field names to go to the full Editorial Guidelines on a given field. Fields marked "required-default" are filled with default values when contributors do not supply the data. The following is a partial list of fields. For the full set of fields, see Editorial Guidelines.

  • Language: Most fields in CONA records are written in English. However, the structure of CONA supports multilinguality insofar as titles/names and descriptive notes may be written and flagged in multiple languages. All information is written in Unicode.

  • Diacritics: The CONA titles/names and other fields contain dozens of different diacritics, expressed as in legacy data as codes (e.g., $00). All data is released in Unicode.

  • Fields: The CONA fields (i.e., discrete pieces of data) are described below. Data dictionaries for releases of the files will be made available in the future.

    The minimum fields and editorial rules of CONA are in compliance with CDWA and CCO. The minimum fields are the following:

    Catalog Level
    Work Type
    Title or Name
    Creator
    Creation Date
    Measurements
    Materials and Technique
    Depicted Subject
    Current Location.

    Works are identified with a unique and persistent numeric ID. In addition, given that CONA is an authority, it is important that records contain enough other minimum information to allow users of CONA to clearly identify each work uniquely, in order to prevent users from unintentionally linking to the wrong work. The discussion of fields below includes both required and optional fields.

  • Subject ID (required-default)
    Unique numeric identification for the CONA record. Note that "subject" in this context is not the same as the depicted subject (e.g., iconography) of the work. The term "subject" has been used to refer to the record as a whole in the AAT, TGN, and ULAN, and thus is used for consistency in CONA.

    Each work in the CONA database is uniquely identified by a numeric ID that serves to link the titles/names and all other pertinent information to the work record. The ID is generally permanent. Occasionally an ID may change due to the record being merged with another record; in such cases, the new IDs are included in the licensed files, and a mapping between defunct and new IDs is provided to implementors.
     
    Example

    Subject ID: 700000007

     

For objects that are in or have been housed in museums and other repositories, it is required to also record the unique numeric ID of the holding institution in the Repository Numbers field.

  • Record Type (required-default)
    Type designation that characterizes the CONA record (facet, guide term, built work, movable work).

    Facet: Refers to the top of a facet, which is the major division of CONA (e.g., Built Work and Movable Work).

    Guide term: Also known as the node label; refers to records that serve as place savers to create a level in the hierarchy under which CONA records can be collocated. It is rarely used in CONA.

    Built Work: Refers to records in CONA that represent architecture, as defined above.

    Movable Work: Refers to records in CONA that represent items that are or could be held in repositories, as defined above.

  • Label (required-default)
    Brief text identification of the work, concatenated from various fields in the work record. Whereas the Subject ID identifies the concept in the database, the Label serves as an easily legible heading to identify the work for end-users. It is a brief description and credit line that identifies the work and distinguishes it from similar works.
     

    Example

    Vincent van Gogh (Dutch, 1853-1890); Cypresses; 1889; oil on canvas; 93.4 x 74 cm (36 3/4 x 29 1/8 inches); Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, New York, USA); Rogers Fund, 1949; 49.30.

     
  • Catalog level (required)
    An indication of the level of cataloging represented by the record, based on the physical form or intellectual content of the material (e.g., item, group, subgroup, volume, collection).

  • Classification (required)
    Placement of a work of art or architecture within a classification scheme that groups other, similar works together on the basis of similar characteristics. (e.g., Pre-Columbian art, ceramics).

  • Work Type (required)
    The kind of object or work described (e.g., refectory table, altarpiece, portfolio, drawing, drinking vessel, basilica, dome). Controlled by AAT.

  • Titles/Names (required)
    Titles, identifying phrases, or names given to a work of art, architecture, or material culture. For complex works, series, or collections, the title may refer to a discrete unit within the larger entity (a print from a series, a photograph in a collection, a panel from a fresco cycle, a building within a temple complex) or it may identify only the larger entity (series, collection, cycle) itself (e.g., Venus and Cupid, Noli me tangere, Portrait of Thomas Jefferson, Ceramic fruit bowl, Untitled, Empire State Building, Album of 65 Studies). Each work may have multiple titles.
     

    Example

    Hagia Sophia
    Church of the Holy Wisdom
    Ayasofya
    Santa Sofia
    Agia Sofia
    Sancta Sophia

     
  • Term ID (required-default)
    Numeric ID that identifies the title/name in the database (e.g., in the example above, Hagia Sophia could have the following Term_ID: 1000000008). Term IDs are unique; homographs have different IDs. The Term_ID may be hidden from end-users.

  • Sequence Number (required-default)
    Display order of the titles/names. Titles/names are arranged in a particular order by the editors. The preferred title or name is positioned first in a list of titles/names for the work. Implementers should sort the titles/names by the Display_order number, which is included in the data files, but typically hidden from end-users.

  • Flags for the titles/names
    In displays for the end-user, titles/names are displayed with various flags.
     

    Preferred Title/Name (required-default)
    The flag preferred following a title/name indicates that the title/name is the so-called preferred title/name for the record. Non-preferred titles are flagged variant/alternate.

    Each record has one and only one default preferred title/name, flagged in order to provide a default term for displays (see also Language of the Titles/Names below).

    LC Flag
    Also called the AACR Flag. Where it is used, it flags the title/name that corresponds to Library of Congress Subject Heading, for works that are listed in Library of Congress authorities (e.g., Eiffel Tower).

    NA = Not Applicable
    Y = Yes

    Term Type flag (required-default)
    Indicates the type of term (title), based on specialized terminology used in thesauri. It is currently set to N/A in CONA.

    Historical flag (required-default)
    Indicates if the title/name is current or historical.

    C = Current
    H = Historical
    B = Both current and historical
    U = Unknown
    NA = Not Applicable

    LU = Local Use

    Local use is a special flag to indicate titles found in archival sources or other documents, but which are not helpful for retrieval in a broader linked environment.

    Vernacular flag (required-default)
    Indicates if the title/name is in the vernacular (local) language, or some other language. Currently in CONA, most titles/names are flagged U for Undetermined. See also Language of the Titles/Names below.

    V = Vernacular
    O = Other
    U = Undetermined

    Other flags
    Flag identifying a primary characteristic of the title/name regarding the kind of title/name or its purpose. (This field maps to Title Type in CDWA.)

    descriptive
    repository
    inscribed
    artist's
    former
    translated
    constructed
    original
    brand name
    popular
    published
    series
    manuscript designation

    Display Title/Name flag (required-default)
    When used, this flag distinguishes titles/names intended for indexing in alphabetical lists from those in natural order intended for displays.

    Part of Speech (required-default)
    Indicates the category into which the title/name would be placed relative to its normal function in a grammatical context (e.g., noun, past participle). This flag is currently set to Undetermined in CONA.

     
  • Dates for the Titles/Names
    The date on which a particular title or name was assigned to the work, or a range of dates during which a title/name was known to be valid. The date fields comprise a Display Date, which is a note referring to a date of usage of the term, and Start Date and End Date, which are years that delimit the span of time referred to in the Display Date. Start and End Dates index the Display Date for retrieval, but are hidden from end-users.
     

    Examples

    Display Date: 1887
    Start: 1887 End: 1887

    Display Date: late 17th century
    Start: 1675 End: 1699

    Display Date: until 1986
    Start: 1950 End: 1986

     
    Start and End Dates are years in the proleptic Gregorian calendar, which is the calendar produced by extending the Gregorian calendar to dates preceding its official introduction. Dates BCE are expressed as negative numbers. If the date extends to the current time, the End Date is 9999.

  • Language of the Titles/Names (required-default)
    The languages for the title or name may also be included. A given title/name may have multiple language designations because it may have the same spelling in multiple languages. Languages are derived from a controlled list, which includes the name of the language and a numeric code (e.g., British English / 70053). The code is hidden from end-users.

    Preferred flag for a given language (required-default)
    A "P" following the language in the examples indicates that this is the preferred title or name in that language.

    Language status
    Indicates if the title/name is a loan word or phrase from another language, meaning the term in one language is used with little or no change in a second language (e.g., Les Demoiselles d'Avignon is a French title that is often used in English).

    undetermined
    not applicable
    loan term title
    literal translation
    translation N/A


  • Title/Name Qualifier
    A word or phrase used to distinguish between homographs, which are titles/names that have the same spellings but refer to different works. Qualifiers are currently rarely used in CONA. Distinctions between works with homographic titles is instead made through the use of the Label, described above.

  • Contributor for Title/Name (required-default)
    A reference to the institution or project that contributed the title or name.

  • Preferred Flag for Contributor (required-default)
    Flag indicating when the title or name is the one preferred by the contributor. A contributor may contribute multiple titles/names, but prefer only one. Values: Preferred, Non-preferred

  • Sources for Title/Name (required)
    A link to a controlled reference to the source that was used as warrant for the title name, including a repository's database, a published hardcopy source, an unpublished but authoritative database, authoritative online sources such as museum Web sites, verbal scholarly opinions, and other types of sources.

  • Page Number for Title/Name Source (required)
    A reference to the volume (if applicable) and page number where the title or name was found in the source. It may also include other information describing the precise place in the source where the name was found (e.g., a URL for an online source). Include any unique indentifiers for a record in another resource, such as LOC control numbers. Record a repository's identifiers for the work in Repository Number.

  • Preferred Flag for Source (required-default)
    Flag indicating whether or not this title/name is the entry-form or otherwise preferred form of the title/name for this work in the source.

    Preferred
    Alternate preferred
    Non-preferred
    Unknown


  • Creator
    Set of fields identifying the named or anonymous individuals or corporate bodies responsible for the design, production, manufacture, or alteration of the work. Creators are indexed using Related Person/Corporate Body, which includes a link to ULAN, a Role, and optional Extent and Qualifier.

    Creator Display (required)
    Display field for the named or anonymous creator or creators. If there is no known creator, this is a reference to the presumed culture or nationality of the unknown creator Ambiguity and nuance should be expressed in this free-text display field. Included may also be patrons or others important to the creation.

    Examples

    Christopher Wren

    attributed to Kicking Bear

    follower of the Limbourg Brothers

    Tintoretto with additions by unknown 16th-century Venetian

    unknown Ancient Roman architects; patron: Antoninus Pius, Emperor of Rome (Roman emperor, 86-161 CE)


    Related Person/Corporate Body (required)
    A link to ULAN, indexing the display Creator field. Other links may be included as well, such as to patrons and owners, who are not necessarily included in the Creator Display.

    Related Person Role (required)
    The role or activity performed by a creator, maker, or other person or corporate body in the conception, design, or production of a work. Controlled by AAT.

    Examples

    artist
    painter
    designer
    draftsman
    engraver
    publisher
    architectural firm
    patron


    Related Person Extent
    The part of a work contributed by a particular creator (e.g., predella; execution; additions; figures). This is an extensible list.

    Related Person Attribution Qualifier
    An expression of the certainty with which a work can be attributed to a known artist or group, used when the attribution is uncertain, is in dispute, when there is more than one creator, when there is a former attribution, or when the attribution otherwise requires explanation. (e.g., attributed to, formerly attributed to, probably by, possibly by, workshop of, studio of, office of, atelier of, assistant to, associate of, manufactory of, follower of, circle of, school of, style of, after, copyist of, manner of). See the full list and definitions in the Editorial Guidelines.

    Examples

    Creator Display:Vincent van Gogh (Dutch, 1853-1890)
    Role: painter Related Pers./Corp.: Gogh, Vincent van

    Creator Display: Katsushika Hokusai (Japanese, 1760-1849); published by Nishimura Eijudo (Japanese, 19th century)
    Role: printmaker Related Pers./Corp.: Hokusai, Katsushika
    Role: publisher Related Pers./Corp.: Nishimura Eijudo

    Creator Display: unknown Northern Paiute
    Role: weaver Related Pers./Corp.: unknown Northern Paiute

    Creator Display: Sèvres porcelain manufactory (French, established 1740); design: attributed to Jean-Claude Duplessis, le père (French, ca. 1695-1774); painting: attributed to Charles-Nicolas Dodin (French, 1734-1803)
    Role: manufactory Related Pers./Corp.: Sèvres porcelain manufactory
    Role: designer Qualifier: attributed to Related Pers./Corp.: Duplessis, Jean-Claude
    Role: painter Qualifier: attributed to Related Pers./Corp.: Dodin, Charles-Nicolas

    Creator Display: unknown Chinese, with French mounts
    Extent: bowl Role: ceramicist Related Pers./Corp.: unkown Chinese
    Extent: mounts Role: silversmith Related Pers./Corp.: unkown French

  • Creation Date fields
    A set of fields recording the date or range of dates associated with the creation, design, production, presentation, performance, construction, or alteration of the work or its components.

    Creation Display Date (required)
    A concise description of the date or range of dates associated with the creation, design, production, presentation, performance, construction, or alteration of the work or its components, presented in a syntax suitable for display to the end-user and including any necessary indications of uncertainty, ambiguity, and nuance (e.g., 1667, ca. 1210, 17th century, before 952 BCE, reign of Rameses II).

    Start Date and End Date (required)
    The earliest and latest possible dates when the work of art or architecture was created. For works that were created over a span of time, start date is the year when the work was designed or when execution was begun, and end date is the year when it was finished. For uncertain or approximate dates, these are the earliest possible years when the work could have been begun or designed.

    Date Qualifier
    A clarification of the meaning of the date, including an indication that different creative activities took place on different dates (e.g., design; execution; alteration; addition; performance; restoration; destruction; discovery; bulk; inclusive; coverage; publication). Qualifier, Start Date, and End Date repeat as a set.

    Examples

    Creation Date: ca. 1898
    Start: 1893 End: 1903

    Creation Date: designed 1685/1686; executed 1691
    Start: 1685 End: 1686 Qualifier: design
    Start: 1691 End: 1691 Qualifier: execution

    Creation Date: Middle Minoan Palace period, ca. 1600 BCE
    Start: -1630 End: -1570


  • Measurements
    Set of fields containing information about the dimensions, size, or scale of the work. It may include the shape, weight, or other characteristics of the work. It may also include the number of the parts of a complex work, series, or collection (e.g., 23.9 x 35.8 x 8.3 cm, 76 x 41 x 39 feet, 56.8 cm (diameter), sheets range from 20.3 to 49 cm height). The set of fields includes a display field and fields intended to index the display values.

    Display Dimensions (required)
    Information about the dimensions, size, or scale of the work, presented in a syntax suitable for display to the end-user and including any necessary indications of uncertainty, ambiguity, and nuance. It may include the scale of the work. It may also include the number of the parts of a complex work, series, or collection.

    Value (required)
    The numerical value of a particular dimension taken of a work.

    Unit (required)
    The unit of measurement used (e.g., cm, inches).

    Dimensions Type (required)
    The kind of dimension taken of a particular area or part of an object or work (e.g., height, width, depth, circumference)

    Dimensions Extent
    An explanation of the part of the work being measured, included when necessary for clarity (e.g., image, overall, platemark).

    Dimensions Qualifier
    A word or phrase that elaborates on the nature of the measurements of the work when necessary, as when the measurements are approximate (e.g., sight, maximum, approximate).

    Scale Type
    A term describing the scale, which is an expression of the ratio between the size of the representation of something and that thing (e.g., the size of the drawn structure and the actual built work). Used for studies, record drawings, models, and other representations drawn or constructed to scale (e.g., numeric, full-size).

    Shape
    The outline, form, or characteristic configuration of a work or part of a work, including its contours; used for unusual shapes (e.g., oval, irregular).

    Format
    The configuration of a work, including technical formats, or the conventional designation for the dimensions or proportion of a work; includes format and size (e.g., longline, elephant folio).

    Examples

    Dimensions: 29.85 x 15.88 x 17.15 cm (11 3/4 x 6 1/4 x 6 3/4 inches)
    Value: 29.85 Unit: cm Type: height
    Value: 15.88 Unit: cm Type: width
    Value: 17.15 Unit: cm Type: depth

    Dimensions: comprises 10 panels; overall: 280 x 215 cm (110 1/4 x 84 5/8 inches)
    Extent: components Value: 10 Type: count
    Value: 280 Unit: cm Type: height
    Value: 215 Unit: cm Type: width

    Dimensions: 59.44 x 91.44 cm (23 3/8 x 36 inches); scale: 3/4 inch = 1 foot
    Value: 59.44 Unit: cm Type: height
    Value: 91.44 Unit: cm Type: width
    Scale: numeric Value: .75 Unit: inch Type: base
    Scale: numeric Value: 1 Unit: foot Type: target


  • Materials and Techniques
    Set of fields containing an indication of the substances or materials used in the creation of a work, as well as any implements, production or manufacturing techniques, processes, or methods incorporated in its fabrication.

    Display Materials (required)
    An indication of the substances or materials used in the creation of a work, as well as any implements, production or manufacturing techniques, processes, or methods incorporated in its fabrication, presented in a syntax suitable for display to the end-user and including any necessary indications of uncertainty, ambiguity, and nuance (e.g., oil on canvas, egg-tempera paint with tooled gold-leaf halos on panel, Carrara marble on granite base).

    Material Term (required)
    For materials, the names of the material, matter, or substance used to create the work of art or architecture. For techniques/implements, the names of the means, method, process, or technique by which a material was used in the creation of a work, or the name of any implement or tool used to create the work using the process or technique (e.g., oil paint, linen, bronze, casting).

    Material Role
    The role indicating if the terms refer to to a medium or support for materials, or to a technique or implement for techniques/implements (medium, support, technique, implement).

    Material Flag
    Flag for distinguishing materials from techniques (material, technique/implement).

    Matrial Extent
    An indication of the specific part of a work composed of a certain material manufactured or created using a particular technique (e.g., overall, surface, binding).

    Examples

    Materials/Techniques Display
    : oil paint on linen canvas
    Flag: material Role: medium Term: oil paint
    Flag: material Role: support Term: linen canvas
    Flag: technique/implement Role: technique Term: painting

    Materials/Techniques Display: ink and tempera on vellum (illuminations), leather and silver (binding)
    Extent: folios/illuminations Flag: material Role: medium Term: ink
    Extent: folios/illuminations Flag: material Role: mediumTerm: tempera
    Extent: folios/illuminations Flag: material Role: support Term: vellum
    Extent: folios/illuminations Flag: technique/implement Role: technique Term: calligraphy
    Extent: folios/illuminations Flag: technique/implement Role: technique Term: painting
    Extent: binding Flag: material Role: support Term: leather
    Extent: binding Flag: material Role: support Term: silver


  • Watermarks
    A description of marks inherent in or applied to the material before it was fashioned into the work, including watermarks and stationers' stamps or marks (e.g., foolscap, EAL in orb).

  • Inscriptions
    The transcription or description of the content of the inscription, mark, or text, which may include the material or medium in which the inscription or text was executed; its support if it is on a separate piece affixed to the object; the method by which the inscription or text was produced; and a brief description of the content or appearance of the inscription or text.

    Examples

    signed in lower left: GBPiazzetta; inscribed and dated verso, in a later hand: S. Maria dei Servi / 1735

    inscribed lower center: COSMO MEDICI / DVCII / FLORENTINOR.ET.SENESNS. / URBIS ROMAE / AEDIFICIORVM ILLVSTRIVMQVAE / SVPERSVNT RELIQVIAE SVMMA [...]

    rotunda Gothic script, beginning of the last canto of Dante's Inferno, in Italian with the first line of the new section in Latin


  • Typeface
    The name or a descriptive phrase that identifies the typeface or script used in an inscription (e.g., Carolingian minuscule, Helvetica 9 point bold).

  • Marks
    An identification of the mark type or name, a mark being a mark, stamp, or similar device applied to the work in the course of, or after, creation. Marks are not part of the material, as distinct from watermarks (e.g., Sèvres double Louis, Grindley Tunstall).

  • State
    For a work that was created as multiples, an indication of the relationship of the state of the work to other stages of the multiples (e.g., 3rd state, 4th of 5 states, printer's proof).

  • Edition
    An indication of the placement of a work in the context of prior or later issuances of multiples of the same work. Edition either identifies a specific work in the context of a group issued at the same time, or defines an issuance of a work in relation to previous and subsequent editions (e.g., 46/500 ; 2nd edition).

  • Geographic or Corporate Body Location (required)
  • Current Location and Other Locations fields: Set of fields recording the name and geographic location of the repository that is currently responsible for the work, or, for monumental works and architecture, the geographic location of the work. If the work is lost, destroyed, has an unknown location, or in an anonymous private collection, this is indicated (e.g., Graphische Sammlung Albertina (Vienna, Austria); Columbus (Indiana, USA)). See Editorial Guidelines.

    Previous locations of the work are also recorded here.

    Geographic locations: Controlled by TGN; link to TGN for geographic places, such as for architecture.

    Repositories and other corporate body locations: Controlled by ULAN; link to ULAN for movable works located in repositories. The geographic location of a corporate body is recorded in ULAN, do not repeat it here.

    In addition to linking to the place name or corporate body name, additional fields are the following:

    Current Location flag (required-default)
    An indication of whether the location is current or another type of location. Values: current, other. It is required to record the Current location.

    Location Type
    For locations other than current locations, an indication of the significance of this location as related to the work. Used only when Current flag = other. Extensible list currently has the following values; for definitions, see Editorial Guidelines:

    former
    creation
    discovery
    publication
    original
    site context
    lost
    last known
    destroyed
    not applicable
    undetermined

    Repository Numbers (required if applicable)
    For links to repositories in ULAN, any unique identifiers assigned to a work by the current or a former repository (e.g., 1987.776.32 A; P&D 3455-90). Record links to unique URIs in Page field for Source.

    Credit Line (required if applicable)
    For links to repositories in ULAN, A brief statement indicating how the work came into the current collection or how it came to be on view at the repository; generally created by the repository (e.g., Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts Gift, Joyce and Robert Menschel Gift and Rogers Fund, 1995).

    Address Note and Coordinates
    An indication of the street address and geographic coordinates for a built work, plot numbers for archaeological sites, or the gallery or shelf location of a movable work within the repository.

    Geographic coordinates: As of this writing, geographic coordinates for CONA must be captured in this free text field (it is hoped that in the future updates, coordinate fields will be added to the CONA data model). For built works or monumental works, the geographic coordinates may be included to represent the point on the globe where the work is located, expressed in degrees/minutes/seconds or decimal degrees.

    Examples

    Flag: Current Type: N/A
    Corp. Body Location: National Gallery of Art (Washington, DC, USA)
    Credit Line: Gift of The Mark Rothko Foundation, Inc.
    Repository Numbers: 1986.43.10

    Flag: Current Type: N/A
    Geog. Location: Columbus (Indiana, USA)
    Address Note: 39°12′4″N 85°55′17″W; 234 Washington St., Columbus, IN, 47201

    Flag: Current Type: destroyed
    Flag: Other Type: Creation
    Corp. Body Location: Gedächtniskirche (Berlin, Germany)

    Flag: Current Type: N/A
    Corp. Body Location: J. Paul Getty Museum (Los Angeles, California, USA)
    Flag: Other Type: Discovery
    Geog. Location: Athens (Greece)

  • Creation Number
    Any numbers or codes assigned to a work of art in the context of its creation, such as serial number (e.g., DAR ; no. 1227Y). Does not include edition or state numbers for prints; record these in the fields reserved specifically for State and Edition.

  • Copyright
    A formal statement of the copyright of a work, and/or any restrictions placed on it (e.g., Copyright © 1981 The Ansel Adams Publishing Rights Trust). This does not include copyright for images of the work, but only to the work itself.


  • Provenance
    The prose description of the provenance or history of the owners or others in possession of a work of art or architecture, or a group.

    Example

    - before 1835, Sant'Agostino (San Gimignano, Italy);
    - before 1846, Cardinal Fesch [1763-1839] collection (Rome, Italy). then to Campana collection;
    - 1863-present, Musée du Louvre (Paris, France).


  • Style Term
    The term or terms identifying a style, historical period, school, or art movement whose characteristics are represented by the work (e.g., Post-Impressionist). Controlled by the AAT.

    Style type
    A term identifying the type represented in the indexing terms.

    style
    period
    group
    movement
    dynasty
    N/A


    Style Preferred Flag
    An indication whether the style term is preferred or non-preferred for the record (e.g., preferred, non-preferred).

    Style Sequence Number
    Number indicating the sort order of Style terms.

  • Culture Term
    The name of the culture, people, or nationality from which the work originated (e.g., Celtic, Chinese). Not normally used with named artists, whose biography is recorded in ULAN because it is assumed the work originated in the culture of the artist; an exception is when an artist is of a certain culture or nationality, but is creating a work in another culture.

    This field is used by some contributors for works by unknown creators. If it is so-used by a contributor, note that it is still required to record an appellation referring to the unknown creator is required in the Creator field.

    Culture Preferred Flag
    An indication of whether the culture term is preferred or non-preferred for the record.

    Culture Sequence Number
    Number indicating the sort order of Culture terms.


  • Generic Events
    Set of fields for terminology that refers to pertinent events in the history of the work, particularly used for exhibitions in which the work was displayed. An event must always be accompanied by a place and/or a date. For the proper names of events associated with this work, as of this writing, you must use the link to IA in Subject Depicted/Other IA.

    Event Type
    Link to generic terminology referring to pertinent events in the history of the work, particularly used for exhibitions in which the work was displayed, alternative dating of a work, consecration of a building, or destruction of a work. An event must always be accompanied by a place and/or a date (e.g., exhibition, coronation, dedication). See Editorial Guidelines for a full list and definitions.

    Preferred Flag for Event
    Flag indicating whether or not the Event Type is preferred or non-preferred among the list of events in this subject record

    Sequence Number for Event
    Number indicating the sort order of this Event Type in relation to the other Event Types in this record.

    Event Place
    The geographic location applicable to the Event Type. Place names are taken from TGN (e.g., England (United Kingdom)).

    Dates for the Event
    Dates delimiting the time period when the event or activity took place, or when the state, status, or situation existed.

    Dates comprise a Display Date, which is a note referring to a date or other information referring to a date or other information about the work relative to the event and Start Date and End Date to delimit the span of time.

    As of this writing, include the proper name of the event in the Display Date note. It is hoped that in future a link to the IA Events hierarchy will be included here.

    Example
    Display Date: 1889, Salon des Indépendants
    Start Date: 1889 End Date: 1889

  • Depicted Subject
    Set of fields recording the subject matter of a work of art (sometimes referred to as its content), which is the narrative, iconographic, or non-objective meaning conveyed by an abstract or a figurative composition. It is what is depicted in and by a work of art. It also covers the function of an object or architecture that otherwise has no narrative content. One term for General Depicted Subject is required, although Specific Subject designations are also strongly recommended. These fields map to "Subject Matter"subecategories in CDWA.

  • General Depicted Subject (required)
    Indexing terms that characterize in general terms what the work depicts or what is depicted in it. General subject analysis is the minimum required. It is recommended to also list specific subjects, if possible.

    The controlled terms for general subject are dervied from a controlled list, examples of which appear below. For the full list and definitions, see the Editorial Guidelines.

  • Examples

    advertising and commercial
    allegory
    animal
    apparel
    architecture
    landscape
    literary
    military
    mixed motif
    nonrepresentational art
    object (utilitarian)
    performance art
    portrait
    still life


    Indexing Type for General Subject
    Type of indexing represented by this subject term; a classification of the level of subject description indicated by the indexing terms, for use if necessary to distinguish between what a work is "of" and what it is "about," For definitions of the values, see Editorial Guidelines.

    undetermined
    description
    identification
    interpretation
    isness
    aboutness
    ofness


    Subject Extent
    Part of the object on which this particular subject is depicted, using an extensible controlled list (e.g., recto, verso, side A, side B, main panel, predella , general, overall).

    Preferred Flag (required-default)
    Indication if the general subject depicted is preferred or a non-preferred for this work.

    Sequence Number (required-defualt)
    Number indicating the sort order for the general subjects depicted.

  • Specific Depicted Subject
    Indexing terms that characterize what the work depicts or what is depicted in it, including generic terms and proper names. These terms are more specific than the general subjects discussed above. They are drawn from several controlled sources, as described below.
    Person or Corporate Body: Links to ULAN provide indexing for people and corporate bodies depicted in the work, including the proper names of sitters and historical characters.

    Geographic Places: Links to TGN provide indexing for geographic locations depicted in the work, such as the proper names of cities or mountains.

    Generic Terms: Links to AAT provide for indexing subjects depicted that are not described by proper names (e.g., loving cups, tents).

    Iconography Authority: Links to the Iconography Authority (IA), which contains names/terms and other information for iconography and other subject terminology not contained in the other linked vocabularies. The IA includes proper names for events, religion/mythology, fictional characters, named animals, themes from literature, fictional places, and built works not recorded in CONA.

    Works [coming soon]: Links to other works in CONA; to be used when one work depicts another, for example, if a drawing depicts a built work that is also documented in CONA.

    Indexing Type
    Type of indexing represented by this subject term; a classification of the level of subject description indicated by the indexing terms, for use if necessary to distinguish between what a work is "of" and what it is "about," using the following terms:

    description: Terms flagged description refer to generic elements depicted in or by the work. These are terms reflecting only what you would see in the subject if you did not know the specific people, event, story, or place depicted (e.g., human female, nude, column, train).

    identification: Terms flagged identification refer to the specific subject, including named historical, mythological, religious, fictional, or literary subjects (e.g., Leiden (Holland), Bodhisattva, Endymion, Three Graces, Madonna and Child).

    interpretation: Terms flagged interpretation refer to the meaning or themes represented by the subjects and includes a conceptual analysis of what the work is about (e.g., salvation, original sin, sacrifice).

    isness:For terms that equal the work described or the class to which it belongs, relevant particularly to distinguish when the subject term is the work, as opposed to descriptive of the subject portrayed in the work. Usually reserved for General Subject rather than Specific subject.

    aboutness:If more familiar with aboutness than the Panofsky-inspired terms, cataloging institutions may use this flag to indicate what the work is about. It may analogous to either identification or interpretation.

    ofness:If more familiar with ofness than the Panofsky-inspired terms, cataloging institutions may use this flag to indicate what the work is of. It may analogous to either description or identification.

    Subject Extent
    Part of the object on which this particular subject is depicted, using an extensible controlled list (e.g., recto, verso, side A, side B, main panel, predella , general, overall).

    Preferred Flag
    Indication if the subject depicted is preferred or a variant for this work (i.e., preferred, variant/alternate).

    Sequence Number
    Number indicating the sort order for the subjects depicted. Implementors should sort subjects according to these numbers within the two sets, General Subject and Specific Subject.

  • Outside Iconography Term
    Terms for subjects taken from some outside source not included in AAT, TGN, ULAN, or the CONA Iconography Authority.


  • Outside Iconography Code
    An indication of the code or unique identifier for the subject in the cited iconographic source (e.g., 94L, sh 85060359).

    Outside Iconography Source
    A link to the published outside iconography source that provided the term.

    Page
    Page number, volume, date accessed for Web sites, URI, and any other information indicating where in the source the term was found.

    Source Preferred Flag
    An indication of whether the outside iconography term is preferred or non-preferred in the source.

  • Hierarchical Positions / Parents (required)
    The hierarchy in CONA refers to the method of structuring and displaying the works within their broader contexts. All works are placed under a facet, Built Works, Movable Works, Visual Surrogates, Conceptual Works, or Unidentified Named Works. In addition, whole works and parts of works may be structured in a hierarchy. In the example below, a photograph, Group Portrait with Seven Figures, is displayed in a hiearchy as part of a volume. In the example below, only the title of the works and the subject_id are included in the horizontal string, for clarity.

    Example

    Top of the CONA Hierarchy 700000000
    ....Movable Works 700000002
    ........Brewster Codex: portraits, views, group portraits, etc. 700006932
    ............Group Portrait with Seven Figures 700006104


    The subject_id of the immediate parent is included in each CONA record. Through these links to parents, the hierarchies are built.

  • Multiple parents
    CONA is polyhierarchical. Each Subject_ID may be linked to multiple Parent_IDs. If there are multiple parents, one is marked as preferred. In displays, the preferred parent is listed first or otherwise designated. An example of when this could be used in CONA would be to link a work to its current parent and to a historical parent, of which it was formerly a part.

  • Sort order in the hierarchy (required-default)
    Sequence number for displaying siblings in the hierarchies, usually arranged alphabetically. However, they are sometimes arranged by another logical order, for example, in chronological order.

  • Historical flag for the Parent (required-default)
    Indicates if the link between the child and its parent is current or historical. Most relationships in CONA are flagged Current; however, Historical relationships may exist, as when a print is linked to a lost or extant volume of which it was formerly a part.
     

    C = Current
    H = Historical
    B = Both current and historical
    U = Undetermined
    NA = Not Applicable

     

  • Dates for the parent
    Dates may indicate the span of time during which a whole/part relationship existed for works. An example would be when parts of a former work are now disassembled, or when a new part, such as a base, was added after the work was executed. Dates comprise a Display Date, which is a note referring to a date or other information about the link between a child and its parent, and Start Date and End Date, which are years that delimit the span of time referred to in the Display Date.

    Example

    Display Date: base added to the sculpture ca. 1875
    Start Date: 1875 End Date: 9999


  • Hierarchy Relationship Type (required-default)
    Indicates the type of relationship between a hierarchical child and its parent, expressed in the jargon of controlled vocabulary standards. Relationships in CONA are generally whole/part, as between a print and the volume that contains the print. Another example of a whole/part relationship is in TGN, Tuscany is a part of Italy. An example of genus/species relationship is calcite is a type of mineral (AAT). An example of the instance relationship is Rembrandt van Rijn is an example of a Person (ULAN).
  •  

    G=Genus/Species (generic) or BTG
    P=Whole/Part (partitive) or BTP
    I=Instance or BTI

     

  • Qualifier for Parent Relationship
    Phrase or alphanumeric indicator that qualifies the relationship between the parent and child in a hierarchy. May also contain other codes or qualifying text about the relationship (e.g., folio 8v, page 190).

  • Related Works
    Associative relationships are links to other works in CONA; they include various types of ties or connections between works, excluding whole/part (hierarchical) relationships, but including links such as those between sketches and finished works. Each reference comprises a relationship type and a link to the Subject_ID of the related work (note that "subject" in this context refers to the record, not the Depicted Subject). For end-users, the related work should be displayed with its Label.

    Relationship Type
    A term or phrase characterizing the relationship between the work at hand and the linked work. Relationship types are reciprocal (that is, linked to both records), drawn from a controlled list that comprises the controlled phrase and a numeric code, as illustrated below. The codes are hidden from end-users. For full list and definitions, see the Editorial Guidelines.
     

    Code

    Focus Entity

    Related Code

    4000

    related to

    4000

    4010

    distinguished from

    4010

    4111

    preparatory for

    4112

    4112

    based on

    4111

     
    Historical flag for the Related Work
    Indicates if the link between the related works is current or historical. Most relationships in CONA are flagged Current.
     

    C = Current
    H = Historical
    B = Both current and historical
    U = Undetermined
    NA = Not Applicable

     
    Dates for the Related Work
    Dates comprise a Display Date, which is a note referring to a date or other information about the link between the related concepts, and Start Date and End Date, which are years that delimit the span of time referred to in the Display Date. Start and End Dates index the Display Date for retrieval, but are hidden from end-users. Dates are reciprocal, meaning that they are linked to both records in the relationship.

    Start and End Dates are years in the proleptic Gregorian calendar, which is the calendar produced by extending the Gregorian calendar to dates preceding its official introduction. Dates BCE are expressed as negative numbers. If the date extends to the current time, the End Date is 9999.

    Examples

    [for a terrestrial globe]
    Relationship Type: pendant of
    Related Object/Work Label: Celestial Globe; globe; Nicolas Bailleul le jeune (French, active 1740-1750); 1730; J. Paul Getty Museum (Los Angeles, California, United States); 86.DH.705.2

    [for an architectural work]
    Relationship Type: depicted in
    Related Object/Work Label: Pantheon; engraving; design by Giovanni Antonio Dosio (Italian, 1533-after 1609), printmaker Giovanni Battista de'Cavalieri (Italian, ca. 1525-1601); published 1569; in Urbis Romae aedificiorum illustrium quae supersunt reliquiae, Florence (Italy)

    [for a carpet]
    Relationship Type: mate of
    Related Object/Work Label: Ardabil Carpet; Maqsud of Kashan (Persian, active mid-16th century); 1540; Victoria and Albert Museum (London, England); 272-1893

    Qualifier for Related Work
    Alphanumeric indicator or phrase that qualifies the relationship between related works. May also contain other codes or qualifying text about the relationship (e.g., sequence A, scene 45, 1st in series).

  • Descriptive Note
    A narrative text or prose description and discussion of the work or group of works, including a discussion of issues related to it. Important information in this note should be indexed in other appropriate fields.

    Examples

    [for Adoration of the Magi by Bartolo di Fredi, ca. 1400, Pinacoteca, Siena, Italy]
    The Adoration of the Magi in Siena was produced by Bartolo's workshop but probably executed primarily by Bartolo di Fredi himself. Although it is unknown where the altarpiece originally stood, the quality of the materials, large size, and the influence that the work had on other artists are all evidence of an expensive commission and prominent location, possibly in the cathedral of Siena. It illustrates the artist's late stylistic concerns and was extremely influential in Siena and elsewhere.

    [for a group of works]
    152 design drawings and models for the East Building project that I. M. Pei & Partners gave to the archives of the National Gallery of Art in 1986.


  • Language for the Note
    The language of the Descriptive Note. Most notes in CONA are written in English, however translations in other languages may be included.

  • Contributors for the Note
    The institutions or projects that contributed information to the CONA record. In order to give due credit to the contributing institution, it is required that implementers display a reference to the contributor to end-users.

    References to contributors are drawn from a controlled list comprising a numeric ID, a brief name, and a full name. The end-user must have access to the brief name and the full name. The Brief Name is the initials, abbreviations, or acronyms for the contributing projects or institutions. Contributors may be linked to the record in three ways: with the titles, with the record as a whole (called subject in this context; this is not the depicted subject), and with the note (descriptive note).

  • Sources for the Note
    The CONA record generally includes the bibliographic sources for the titles/names and the descriptive note. In order to give due credit to published sources, it is required that implementers display a reference to the published source to end-users.

    References to sources are drawn from a controlled list comprising a numeric ID, a brief citation, and a full citation. The end-user must have access to the brief citation and the full citation. Sources may be linked to the record in three ways: with the terms, with the record as a whole, and with the descriptive note.

    Page Number
    A reference to a volume, page, date of accessing a Web site, or heading reference in a hardcopy or online source.

  • Revision History (required-default)
    The editorial history of each CONA record is captured in the Revision History, which identifies when records and titles/names have been added, edited, merged, etc. When CONA is released, the Revision History will be included with the licensed files, but hidden from end-users. This information allows implementers to update CONA in their system with each new release.


Sample CONA Record

Subject_ID: 700000299

Record Type: movable work
Catalog Level:
item
Object/Work Type: etching (print)
Classification: prints

TITLES
Title/Name: Dessein de l'illumination et du feu d'artifice donné a Monseigneur le Dauphin a Meudon le 3e septembre 1735
Preference: preferred
Type: repository
Language: French
Contributor: GRISC
Source: GRI Special Collections Finding Aids databases (2012-) Page: 672066

Title/Name: Fireworks display at Meudon honoring Dauphin, Louis in 1735
Preference: variant/alternate
Type: descriptive
Language: English
Contributor: VP
Source: GRI Special Collections Finding Aids databases (2012-)

CREATOR
Creator Display: Cochin, Charles Nicolas (printmaker, 1715-1790), after Debonneval, M.
Related Person/Corp.Body Link: Cochin, Charles-Nicolas, the elder (French engraver, 1688-1754) [500008603]
   Role: printmaker
Related Person/Corp.Body Link: Debonneval, M. (French royal official, active 1735) [500353675]
   Role: designer

DATE
Creation Date: published 1735?
Start Date: 1735 End Date: 1740

LOCATIONS
Flag: current Type: N/A
Location: Getty Research Institute, Special Collections (Los Angeles, Los Angeles county, California, United States) [500353615]
Repository Numbers: (CMalG)1394-070; accession number: P950001** (FF. 28)
Credit Line: copyright J. Paul Getty Trust, Getty Research Institute, Special Collections
Address Note: 1200 Getty Center Dr., Suite 1100, Los Angeles, CA 90049-1688

Location Flag: Other Type: publication
Location: Paris (France)

STYLE/CULTURE
Culture: French

PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Material and Technique:
1 print: engraving, etching, black and white
Term: ink Role: medium Flag: material
Term: paper Role: support Flag: material
Term: engraving (printing process) Role: technique Flag: technique/implement
Term: etching (printing process) Role: technique Flag: technique/implement

Dimensions Display: plate mark 41.3 x 49.7 cm
Value: 41.3 Unit: cm Type: height Extent: platemark
Value: 49.7 Unit: cm Type: width Extent: platemark

Inscription: Debonneval invenit; C.N. Cochin filius delineavit et sculpsit. "Cette feste ordonnée par M. le duc de Gesvres pair de France, premier gentilhomme de la chambre du roy, à esté conduite par M. Debonneval intendant et controlleur de l'Argenterie menua plaisirs et affaires de la chambre de Sa Majesté."--lower margin. Title engraved below the image on both sides of the Bourbon coat of arms.

Provenance: Jacques Vellekoop; London; Purchase; From the collection of Alan Brock and his son, Alan St. Hill Brock, English pyrotechnists

DEPICTED SUBJECT

General Subject:
Term: events Pref: preferred
Term: history and legend

Specific Subjects:
Term: ephemeral structure [AAT 300007997]
Term: Louis, Dauphin of France (French noble, 1729-1765) [ULAN 500353671]
   Extent: honoree
Term: customs (social) [AAT 300055807]
Term: festivals [AAT 300073472]
Term: birthdays [AAT 300069093]
Term: Meudon (Île-de-France, France) [TGN 7009340]
Term: theater (discipline) [AAT 300054148]
Term: fireworks (visual works) [AAT 300249836]

NOTE
Descriptive Note:
The print depicts the fireworks display held September 3, 1735, at Meudon in celebration of the sixth birthday of the Dauphin, Louis; Against an ephemeral backdrop consisting of a colonnade and flaming structures, Hercules's twelfth labor is enacted before spectators; Forms part of Brock fireworks collection (Special Collections accn. no. P950001**); Trimmed close to plate mark.

Contributor: GRISC
Source:
GRI Special Collections Finding Aids databases (2012-)

 



ABOUT IA

The Getty Iconography Authority ™ (IA), Cultural Objects Name Authority ® (CONA), the Union List of Artist Names ® (ULAN), the Art & Architecture Thesaurus ® (AAT), the Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names ® (TGN) are structured resources that can be used to improve access to information about art, architecture, and other material culture. The Vocabularies are not simply 'value vocabularies,' but knowledge bases. Through rich metadata and links, the Getty Vocabularies provide powerful conduits for knowledge creation, complex research, and discovery for digital art history and related disciplines.

  • Cataloging: For some users, the Getty Vocabularies are utilized as data value standards at the point of documentation or cataloging, to promote consistency in assignment of a term or to provide options among multiple terms referencing the same concept. The Vocabularies provide preferred names/terms and synonyms for people, places, and things. They also provide structure and classification schemes that can aid in documentation.

  • Linking: For other users, the Getty Vocabularies are used in linking, in order to reference the unique identifier of the Vocabulary record, or to otherwise reconcile their data.

  • Retrieval: For other users, the Getty Vocabularies aid in retrieval and discovery, utilizing synonymous terms, broader/narrower contexts, and other rich contextual data in search assistants, in database retrieval systems, and more broadly in a linked environment. The Vocabularies are rich knowledge bases that contain dozens of fields of rich contextual data about each concept, and semantic networks that highlight links and paths between concepts.

  • Research tools: For other users, the Getty Vocabularies are used as look-up resources, valuable because of the rich information and contextual knowledge that they contain.

    In order to meet the needs of these various user communities, the Getty Vocabularies are made available in several ways.

  • Data files: IA, CONA, AAT, TGN, and ULAN are available through APIs. AAT, TGN, and ULAN are also available as LOD, relational tables, and XML. The data release files are used by developers or incorporated in various tools by vendors or others. These releases may be transformed to comply with other formats, such as the MARC format used for ULAN and TGN in the Virtual International Authority File (VIAF®). Some of these releases contain simplified versions of the data, while others contain the full, rich data sets, providing versions to meet the requirements of various developer communities. The data file releases are refreshed periodically throughout the year. The Getty Vocabularies are published under The Getty Vocabularies are published under the Open Data Commons Attribution License (ODC-By) 1.0.

  • Online Search: The Getty Vocabularies' online search pages are consistently the top sites visited at the Getty Research Institute each month. Using these search tools, catalogers copy-and-paste Vocabulary terms and IDs as part of their daily workflow. Researchers use the search to locate rich information about the Vocabulary concepts. In the results displays, for each concept the data fields are presented in a logical full-record display for end users, as well as in hierarchical views. The online search data is refreshed monthly.

    Various releases or utilizations of the Getty Vocabulary data may contain more or less of the full, available data for each Vocabulary record, depending upon the purpose of the release. An implementation that intends to ask complex queries using the Vocabulary data would require the full available data. In another example, if a developer only needs to link to the unique identifier for the concept, perhaps a streamlined data set would be more appropriate; e.g., the ULAN data (and soon TGN data also) that is included in the VIAF is a subset of the full data available, which is streamlined and parsed to fit the particular requirements of MARC.

    Target audience: The five Getty vocabularies are intended to provide terminology and other information about the objects, artists, concepts, and places important to various disciplines that specialize in art, architecture, and other material culture. The primary users of the Getty vocabularies include researchers in art and art history, museums, art libraries, archives, visual resource collection catalogers, conservation specialists, archaeological projects, bibliographic projects concerned with art, and the developers and information specialists who are dealing with the needs of these users. In addition, a significant number of users of the Getty vocabularies are students or members of the general public.

Comprehensiveness and updates: IA includes proper names and other information for themes and narratives from religion/mythology, legendary and fictional characters, legendary and fictional places, named events, and themes from allegory or literature. IA is used to record subjects that are depicted or referenced in visual works, but not covered by the other Getty Vocabularies, AAT (generic terms), TGN (geographic names), ULAN (names of people and corporate body), or CONA (titles of works). IA is linked to the other Getty Vocabularies. IA is linked to other iconography sources, including Library of Congress authorities and Iconclass. IA has a thesaural structure; it includes equivalence, associative, and hierarchical relationships. See Scope and Structure below.

Minimum Record: A minimum record in IA contains a numeric ID, title or name, warrant, hierarchical context, and other fields. The data model for IA includes associative relationships, dates, links to the other Getty Vocabularies, and other rich data as described below.

Contribute to the Getty Vocabularies: IA is a compiled resource; it grows through contributions. Among current contributors to IA are the American Institute of Indian Studies (AIIS), members of the ITWG (International Terminology Working Group), the Florentine Codex initiative, the Dunhuang cave project, and other contributors. Read about contributions. Institutions, scholarly projects, or scholars or other experts who are interested in contributing to IA may contact us at vocab@getty.edu.

 


Mission and History of IA

Mission: The mission of the Getty Vocabulary Program (GVP) is to produce rich, structured, authoritative vocabularies, in compliance with international standards, that provide a powerful conduit for inter-related, linked, and meaningful research, discovery, and understanding of the visual arts and their various histories, in collaboration with the international community, and utilizing training and outreach to inform the field. One of our primary goals is to broaden and enrich the scope and coverage of the Getty Vocabularies to become ever more multilingual, multicultural, inclusive, and representative of the subjects and priorities of the GRI, the Getty, and global art history.

History: Getty Iconography Authority (IA) is based on the Subject Authority of the Categories for the Description of Works of Art (CDWA). Development of IA started at the same time as CCO (Cataloging Cultural Objects) was published. This timeframe is also when CONA was begun. CONA and IA were developed in the same editorial system and share the same data model. The thesaural organization and coverage of IA were implemented through discussions with the core user communities including the visual resources community and other users, who expressed a strong need for a rich, interlinked, and unique vocabulary to cover global iconographical topics depicted in works of art. These topics are not adequately or cohesively covered in any other resource. As with the other Getty Vocabularies, coreferences to other resources such as Library of Congress and Iconclass terminology were considered critical to successful use and retrieval in a linked environment.

Currently, Patricia Harpring is Managing Editor of the Getty Vocabulary Program, within the Getty Research Institute's Research and Knowledge Creation section, which is led by Nancy Um. Editors are Jonathan Ward, Robin Johnson, and Antonio Beecroft. The technical team is located in the Getty Digital division; team members include Lily Pregill, Gregg Garcia, and David Newbury

 


Scope and Structure of IA

Scope: The domain of the IA is the visual arts. The scope of IA includes proper names and other information for named events, themes and narratives from religion/mythology, legendary and fictional characters, themes from literature, works of literature and performing arts, and legendary and fictional places. IA includes proper names not covered by the other Getty Vocabularies, ULAN, TGN, CONA, or terms in AAT. IA is unique in the following ways: The coverage of IA is multilingual, multicultural, and global; IA is not rooted in Western iconography, but culturally is universal in scope. Where there is overlap with other resources, such as Iconclass and US Library of Congress subject authorities, links are made between IA and these resources. IA also shares areas of uniqueness common to all the Getty Vocabularies, when compared to other resources covering similar topics: In their global coverage of defined domain of visual arts, in citing published sources and contributors, in allowing interconnections among historical and current information, in accommodating the sometimes debated and ambiguous nature of art historical information, and in allowing complex relationships within and between Vocabularies.

What is excluded in IA? In general, out of scope for IA are topics and names included in the other Getty Vocabularies. Generic terms are found in AAT; personal names of historical people are found in ULAN; names of real places are found in TGN; and names of visual works are found in CONA. Also excluded are characters, themes, narratives, and other topics within the general scope of IA, as noted above, but which are not needed for cataloging, researching, or discovery of visual works.

Structure and more about Scope: The IA is a thesaurus, containing equivalence, hierarchical, and associative relationships. In addition, the IA is linked to the AAT, TGN, ULAN, and CONA works.

As of this writing, the hierarchy of the IA contains the following main divisions:

  • Literature
    The Literature facet includes literary works that do not fit more conveniently in Legend, Religion, Mythology facet or as history. As of this writing, the Literature facet is divided into the following divisions.

    Literary characters
    Literary legendary places
    Literary themes and narratives
    Named written or performed works

  • Named Events
    In the Named Events facet are included events having a proper name, including historical events, named natural disasters, and exhibitions. For generic terms referring to events, use the AAT rather than the IA.

    African history
    Ancient history (western)
    Asian history
    European history
    Global historical events
    Named auctions and sales
    Named competitions
    Named exhibitions
    Named natural events
    North and South American history
    Prehistoric events
    Specific performances

  • Legend, Religion, Mythology
    The Legend, Religion, Mythology facet includes themes, narratives, characters, and places associated with the iconography of legend, religion, and mythology. Historical events are included in the Named Events facet.
    |

    African iconography
    Amerindian iconography
    Ancient Near-Middle Eastern iconography
    Buddhist iconography
    Chinese iconography
    Christian iconography
    Egyptian iconography
    European iconography
    Greek iconography
    Hindu iconography
    Islamic iconography
    Jain iconography
    Japanese iconography
    Norse iconography
    North American iconography
    Old Testament iconography
    Pacific Islander iconography
    Persian iconography
    Pehistoric iconography
    Roman iconography
    Semitic iconography
    Shinto iconography
    South American iconography
    Taoist iconography


  • Miscellaneous Topics
    Topics that do not apply to one area or culture, but can be applied broadly. Subdivisions include the following:

    Miscellaneous Allegory and Symbolism
    Miscellaneous Characters
    Miscellaneous Legendary Places
    Miscellaneous Themes and Narratives


Information in the IA Record (Fields)

Click on field names to go to the full Editorial Guidelines on a given field. Fields marked "required-default" are filled with default values when contributors do not supply the data. The following is a partial list of fields. For the full set of fields, see Editorial Guidelines.

  • Language: Most fields in IA records are written in English. However, the structure of IA supports multilinguality insofar as titles/names and descriptive notes may be written and flagged in multiple languages. All information is written in Unicode.

  • Diacritics: The IA names and other fields contain dozens of different diacritics, expressed as in legacy data as codes (e.g., $00). All data is released in Unicode.

  • Fields: The IA fields (i.e., discrete pieces of data) are described below. Data dictionaries for releases of the files will be made available in the future.

    The minimum fields and editorial rules of IA are in compliance with CDWA and CCO. The minimum fields are the following:

    Name
    Qualifier
    Broad Type
    Parent ID
    [Role: Link to AAT]

    Iconographical subjects are identified with a unique and persistent numeric ID. In addition, given that IA is an authority, it is important that records contain enough other minimum information to allow users of IA to clearly identify each concept uniquely. The discussion of fields below includes both required and optional fields.


Iconography ID (required-default)


Unique numeric identifier for the Iconography Authority record.

Example
1000021

Iconography Parent (required)

The broader context(s) for the iconography record; parents refer to Hierarchical Relationships, which are broader/narrower, reciprocal relationships between records. The IA is polyhierarchical. In the example below, Judgment of Paris is a child of <Greek narratives> and is also a child of <Roman narratives>.

Example

Iconography Root
....Religion and Mythology
.......<Greek iconography>
...........<Greek narratives>
................Judgment of Paris
(Greco-Roman narrative)

Broad Iconography Type (required)

A term indicating the general type of subject represented in the authority record.

Event/Narrative
Religion/Mythology/Legend
Literature
Character/Person
Named Legendary Animal
Named Legendary Thing
Legendary Place
Legendary Built Work
Allegory/Symbolism/Theme
Guide Term
Facet
Root Record

Iconography Label (required-default)

Concatenated string used to give a brief identification of the iconographic subject in a form intelligible to end users. A label is a brief description of the iconographic subject, to be used in results lists and other displays of IA data.

Iconography Name (required)

The names used to refer to the subject, including the preferred form of the name, which is the form most commonly found in published sources. It also includes synonyms and variant names for the subject. Iconography names should have published warrant if possible; titles of works of art may be used as sources for subject names.

    Examples
    Adoration of the Magi
    Adorazione dei Magi
    Hercules
    Herakles
    Ganesh
    Reclining Buddha
    Bouddha couché
    涅槃仏
    Olouaipipilele
    Virgin Hodegetria
    Death and the Miser
    Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs
    World War I
    WWI
    Coronation of Napoleon Bonaparte
    American Civil War

    Prix de Rome

It is permitted to construct a name for an iconographical subject when no published source exists; see Editorial Guidelines for instructions.

Iconography Term ID (required-default)

Unique numeric identifier for the name in the Iconography Authority record.

Example
5000014

Sequence Number (required-default)

An indication of the sort order for the names of the iconographic subject. More common names are sorted at the top. Names in a given language are sorted together.

Term Preferred Flag (required-default)

An indication of whether the name is preferred or non-preferred for the iconography authority record, intended as defaults for displays. The record-preferred name is tne most commonly used name in American English sources.

Users may instead choose the language-preferred name, the source-preferred name, or another name for a subject.[Coming soon: IA will include preferences on contributors.]

Other Flags

Flags designating the kind or type of subject name.

former
original
translated
constructed
abbreviated
full name
brief name
byname
N/A
undetermined

Term Type (required-default)

An indication of the type of name, to allow the authority to be compliant with standards for thesaurus construction, or to distinguish nouns from adjectival forms of names.

descriptor
alternate descriptor
used for term

Qualifier / Descriptive Phrase

Word or phrase used as necessary to provide clarification or disambiguation. Although this field is called "qualifier," it is not a qualifier according to the definition of thesaurus standards, where a simple word or phrase is used to disambiguate homographs. In thesaurus standards, a qualifier should not be used to describe or define the term.

In the IA, the Qualifier / Descriptive Phrase field indeed contains a short descriptive phrase used to identify the subject in results lists. It may also disambiguate homographs, but its primary purpose is to describe and identify.

The qualifier / descriptive phrase is generally displayed with the preferred name in parentheses, often with the Iconography Type and the hierarchical parents.

Examples

Anubis (Egyptian deity)
(Egyptian characters, Egyptian iconography, Legend, Religion, Mythology) [1000707]

Niflheim (Norse legendary place)
(Norse legendary places, Norse iconography, Legend, Religion, Mythology) [1000094]

Scramble for Africa (African colonization, 1880-1914)
(African history, Named Events) [1001128]

Iconography Part of Speech (required-default)

Indicates the category into which the Iconography name would be placed relative to its normal function in a grammatical context.

Undetermined
Noun
Adjectival/Possessive
Phrase
N/A

Language

An indication of the language of the name.Values are controlled by an extensible list linked to the AAT <languages and writing systems by specific type>.

Language Preferred Flag

An indication of whether this name is the preferred name for this subject in a given language.

Name Source (required)

An indication of the source used as warrant for this name. Sources should be authoritative. Links to other resources for subjec terms should be made, particularly to Iconclass and Library of Congress authorities. Titles of works of art may be warrant for an iconographical subject.

If no source exists for a name, a name may be constructed according to instructions in the Editorial Guidelines.

Source Preferred Flag

An indication of whether this name was the preferred or entry-form name for this iconographic subject in the source.

Page

Page number, volume, date accessed for Web sites, and any other information indicating where in the source the name was found.

Descriptive Note

Additional information about the iconographic topic, including a discussion of its history, particularly noting any controversies or issues, presented in a form to be displayed to end users. The Descriptive Note should contain a single coherent statement covering some or all of the salient characteristics and historical significance of the subject. Topics covered in the note may include a discussion of the subject and its history and derivation.

It includes brief scholarly discussions and clarification of other fields. As a supplement to information recorded in controlled fields, free-text notes, such as the descriptive note, allow for the nuance and detail necessary to capture a precise description. This makes it possible to include very specific details that cannot be described in other elements.

Iconography Display Date

Free text date or range of dates during which the iconographic subject is relevant or was portrayed in art. See the Editorial Guidelines for further explanation. For some subjects, the date may indicate the date when the event or fictional person took place or lived.

Use the proleptic Gregorian calendar (the calendar produced by extending the Gregorian calendar to dates preceding its official introduction). If dates are expressed according to systems other than the Gregorian calendar (such as Julian, Napoleonic, or Islamic calendars), this fact should be clearly designated (e.g., 1088 AH (1677 CE)) notes the year in the Islamic calendar with the year in the Gregorian calendar (Common Era) in parentheses). Indexing in Start Date and End Date will use numbers representing years in the Gregorian calendar.

Start Date and End Date

The earliest date and latest possible dates when an iconographic subject was first established or was used.

Related Iconographic Subject: IA to IA

Associative relationships within the Iconography Authority. The identification of any iconographic subjects that have important ties or connections to the iconographic subject being cataloged, excluding hierarchical whole/part relationships.

Example

Xibalba (Maya legendary place) IA 1000045

associated with .... Popol Vuh
..........(Literature and Performing Arts, Named written and performed works, Literary works: Philosophy, Religion, Popol Vuh (Maya history, 1554/1558)) [1001893]

Relationship Type

An indication of the type of relationship between the iconographic subject and another iconographic subject. See the Editorial Guidelines for the extensible list.

Relationship Note

Note containing additional information about the relationship.

Related Generic Concept: IA to AAT

Information about a generic concept related to the subject at hand, including roles or other terms that characterize significant aspects of the iconographic subject. Linking IA subject records to the AAT is one of the most important features of the IA, making it powerful for research and discovery.

The goal of indexing these aspects of the subject is to allow access to the material by characteristics other than name. For example, the subject Ganesha could be indexed by terms indicating who Ganesha is and what he symbolizes: Hindu god, good fortune, elephant, good nature, strength, ritual circumambulation.

Example

Xibalba (Maya legendary place) IA 1000045

role/characteristic is .... underworld (doctrinal concept)
.....(doctrinal concepts, religious concepts, religions and religious concepts, Associated Concepts (hierarchy name)) (AAT)

Relationship Type

An indication of the type of relationship between the iconographic subject and the generic concept (AAT term). This is a non-reciprocal one-way link to AAT. For list of Types, see the Editorial Guidelines.

Relationship Note

Note containing additional information about the relationship.

Related Place: IA to TGN

An indication of a geographic place related to the iconographic subject at hand.

Example

Xibalba (Maya legendary place) IA 1000045

located in .... Cobán
.....(Alta Verapaz, Guatemala, North and Central America) (TGN)

Relationship Type

An indication of the type of relationship between the iconographic subject and the place. This is a non-reciprocal one-way link to TGN. For list of Types, see the Editorial Guidelines.

Relationship Note

Note containing additional information about the relationship.

Related Person or Corporate Body: IA to ULAN

An identification of people or corporate bodies associated with the iconographic subject. Linking IA subject records to the ULAN is one of the most important features of the IA, making it powerful for research and discovery. In addition to the variant names and power of the links within ULAN, ULAN has links to Library of Congress Autorities, VIAF, and other resources.

Example

Beatrice (Italian literary character, Dante, ca. 1293) IA 1001107

identified as .... Portinari, Beatrice (Florentine noblewoman, 1266-1290)
.....(Non-Artists) (ULAN)

Relationship Type

An indication of the type of relationship between the iconographic subject and the person or corporate body. This is a non-reciprocal one-way link to ULAN. For Types, see the Editorial Guidelines.

Relationship Note

Note containing additional information about the relationship.

 

[COMING SOON, LINKS FROM IA TO CONA and MEDIA FIELD]

Related Work: IA to CONA works

An identification of works of art or architecture that form integral references from the perspective of the Iconography Authority record. This is not for links between a work and a subject depicted, which would be done in the CONA work record Depicted Subject to the IA.

Example

Presentation in the Temple (New Testament narrative) IA 1001156

located in ..... First Temple of Jerusalem
(temple (building); unknown Jewish architects; patron: Solomon, King of Israel; completed in 957 BCE) [700009039] (CONA)

Relationship Type

An indication of the type of relationship between the iconographic subject and the work. This is a non-reciprocal one-way link to CONA. For Types, see the Editorial Guidelines.

Relationship Note

Note containing additional information about the relationship.

Media

Coming soon. Field for links to URLs depicting representative images of the iconographical subject; same fields and functionality as the Media field in all other Getty vocabularies. In the meantime, record the URLs in Source.

Iconography Source

References to bibliographic sources or unpublished sources for the Descriptive Note and other information recorded in this Iconography Authority record, particularly for information other than names (which are linked in a separate instance of the Source Authority).

Record sources for linking to the IA record, particulary Iconclass and Library of Congress Authorities. Record the unique identifiers or URIs for the records in these resources in the accompanying Page field.

In the interim, prior to Media field implementation: Use this field for links to URLs for representative images depicting the iconographical subject.

Page

Page number, volume, date accessed for Web sites, and any other information indicating where in the source the information was found. Record also any links to a reference in other sources.


Sample IA Record

Iconography ID: 1000851
Iconography Parent: 1000959 (Buddhist characters)
Iconography Type: Character/Person

Descriptive Note: As a subject in art and literature, the primary protagonist in narratives surrounding the life, deeds, and teachings of Buddhism.

Display Date: from 6th century BCE
    Start Date: -520 End Date: 9999

Label: Buddha (Buddhist characters, Buddhist iconography, Legend, Religion, Mythology)

NAMES:
(sequence, preferred/variant flag, name, language and preference, term type)

1 P Buddha (primary character of Buddhism) (English-P, descriptor)

Sources:
Agnew, Reed, Ball, Cave Temples of Dunhuang (2016)
Agnew, Conservation of Ancient Sites on the Silk Road (2010)
Pal, Indian Sculpture (1986-1988)
Ling, Dictionary of Buddhism (1972)
Buswell and Lopez, Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism (2013)

2 V Gautama (English, UF)

Source:
Encyclopedia Britannica Online (2002-)

3 V Gotama (English, UF)

Source:
Encyclopedia Britannica Online (2002-)

4 V Siddhartha (English, UF)

Source:
Ling, Dictionary of Buddhism (1972)

5 V Siddhatta (English, UF)

Source:
Ling, Dictionary of Buddhism (1972)

6 V Shakyamuni (English, UF)

Source:
Ling, Dictionary of Buddhism (1972)

7 V(Chinese-P, Descriptor)

Source:
Dunhuang Research Academy, Mogao Grottoes (2000-)

Associative Relationships (IA to IA)

Type: 5310 predecessor of    Name: Maitreya (Buddhist bodhisattva)
Type: 5510 relative of    Name: Ananda (Buddhist character)
Type: 5003 associated with    Name: Kasyapa (Buddhist character)
Type: 5503 is protagonist for    Name: Sakyamuni's Life of Austerities
Type: 5503 is protagonist for    Name: Buddha in Jetavana preaching

AAT Relationships (IA to AAT)

Type: culture/religion is    Name: Buddhism (religions, ...Associated Concepts Facet)

TGN Relationships (IA to TGN)

Type: flourished/active in    Name: India (Asia, World)

ULAN Relationships (IA to ULAN)

Type: identified as    Name: Buddha (Asian ascetic, founder of Buddhism, ca. 560-ca. 480 BCE)

Record Sources/Links:

Source: Iconclass 2100 Browser (2009-)
   Page/Link:
12H13(BUDDHA)

Source: Library of Congress Authorities online (2002-)
   Page/Link: sj 96004936

 

 



Revised 4 March 2023



 

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