3

EDITORIAL RULES, CONTINUED

3.6

Work Type, Creator, Dates, Location

Included in this chapter

• Catalog Level (required)
• Work Type (required)
  • Preferred Flag (required-default)^[1]
  • Sequence Number (required-default)
  • Historical Flag (required-default)
  • Display Date for Work Type
  • Start Date / End Date
• Classification (required)
• Preferred Flag (required-default)
• Creator Display (required)
  • Preferred Flag (required-default)
  • Contributor (required-default)
• Related Person / Corporate Body (required)
  • Related Person Role (required-default)
  • Related Person Extent
  • Related Person Qualifier
• Creation Date Display (required)
  • Date Qualifier
  • Start Date and End Date (required)
• Geographic or Corporate Body Location (required)
  • Historical Flag (required-default)
  • Location Type (required-default)
  • Repository Numbers (required)
  • Credit Line
  • Address Note

3.6.1.1

Catalog Level (required)

3.6.1.1.1

Definition
An indication of the level of cataloging represented by the record, based on the physical form or intellectual content of the material.

• Examples
• item
  volume
  group
  subgroup
  collection
  series
  set
  multiples
  component
  

3.6.1.1.2

Values
Values are controlled by a list.

3.6.1.1.3

Sources
The same standard general references that are appropriate for the rest of the record may be used, including data from the repostory of the work.

3.6.1.1.4

Discussion

3.6.1.1.5

RULES for Catalog Level

3.6.1.1.5.1

Minimum requirements for Catalog Level
The Catalog Level is required. Record an appropriate value from the controlled list.

3.6.1.2

Work Type (required)

3.6.1.2.1

Definition
The kind of object or work described.

• Examples
• painting
  photograph
  drawing
  print
  bust
  statue
  bas-relief
  sketchbook
  portfolio
  installation
  performance
  tea set
  basilica
  dome
  monastery
  

3.6.1.2.2

Values
Values are controlled by a link to the AAT.

3.6.1.2.3

Sources
The same standard general references that are appropriate for the rest of the record may be used, including data from the repostory of the work.

3.6.1.2.4

Discussion

3.6.1.2.5

RULES for Work Type

3.6.1.2.5.1

Minimum requirements for Work Type
Work Type is required. Record an appropriate value from the AAT.

3.6.1.3

Preferred Flag (required-default)

3.6.1.3.1

Definition
An indication of whether the Work Type is preferred or non-preferred.

3.6.1.3.2

Values
Values are controlled by a list.

3.6.1.3.3

Sources
The same standard general references that are appropriate for the rest of the record may be used, including data from the repostory of the work.

3.6.1.3.4

Discussion

3.6.1.3.5

RULES for Preferred Flag

3.6.1.3.5.1

Minimum requirements for Preferred Flag
Set the flag to Preferred or Non-Preferred, as appropriate..

3.6.1.4

Sequence Number (required-default)

3.6.1.4.1

Definition
An indication of the appropriate sort order of the Work Type.

3.6.1.4.2

Values
Values are controlled by a list.

3.6.1.4.3

Sources
The same standard general references that are appropriate for the rest of the record may be used, including data from the repostory of the work.

3.6.1.4.4

Discussion

3.6.1.4.5

RULES for Sequence Number

3.6.1.4.5.1

Minimum requirements for Sequence Number
Sequence Number is required. Record an appropriate value from the controlled list.

3.6.1.5

Historical Flag (required-default)

3.6.1.5.1

Definition
An indication of whether the work type is current or historical.

3.6.1.5.2

Values
Values are controlled by a list.

3.6.1.5.3

Sources
The same standard general references that are appropriate for the rest of the record may be used, including data from the repostory of the work.

3.6.1.5.4

Discussion

3.6.1.5.5

RULES for Historical Flag

3.6.1.1.5.1

Minimum requirements for Historical Flag
Historical flag is required. Record an appropriate value from the controlled list.

3.6.1.6

Display Date for Work Type

3.6.1.6.1

Definition
A description of the date or range of dates when the object/work type is or was applicable.

• Examples
• from 500 BCE
  1993
  before 1652
  1842-1896
  17th century
  

3.6.1.6.2

Values
Free Text field.

3.6.1.6.3

Sources
The same standard general references that are appropriate for the rest of the record may be used, including data from the repostory of the work.

3.6.1.1.4

Discussion

3.6.1.6.5

RULES for Display Date for Work Type

3.6.1.6.5.1

Minimum requirements for Display Date for Work Type
Optional: Record an appropriate Display Date for Work Type.

3.6.1.7

Start Date / End Date

3.6.1.7.1

Definition
The earliest date and the latest date for which the work type is or was applicable.

3.6.1.7.2

Values
Controlled format..

3.6.1.7.3

Sources
The same standard general references that are appropriate for the rest of the record may be used, including data from the repostory of the work.

3.6.1.7.4

Discussion

3.6.1.7.5

RULES for Start Date / End Date

3.6.1.7.5.1

Minimum requirements for Start Date / End Date
If a Display Date is recorded, it is required to record Start Date and End Date.

3.6.1.8

Classification (required)

3.6.1.8.1

Definition
Placement of a work of art or architecture within a classification scheme that groups other, similar works together on the basis of similar characteristics.

• Example
  
  
• Catalog Level: item
  Classification: paintings | European art
  Object/Work Type: panel painting | predella panel
  

3.6.1.8.2

Values
Values are controlled by a list.

3.6.1.8.3

Sources
The same standard general references that are appropriate for the rest of the record may be used, including data from the repostory of the work.

3.6.1.8.4

Discussion

3.6.1.8.5

RULES for Classification

3.6.1.8.5.1

Minimum requirements for Classification
Classification is required. Record an appropriate value from the controlled list.

3.6.1.9

Preferred Flag (required-default)

3.6.1.9.1

Definition
An indication of whether the Classification is preferred or non-preferred.

3.6.1.9.2

Values
Values are controlled by a list.

3.6.1.9.3

Sources
The same standard general references that are appropriate for the rest of the record may be used, including data from the repostory of the work.

3.6.1.9.4

Discussion

3.6.1.9.5

RULES for Preferred Flag

3.6.1.9.5.1

Minimum requirements for Preferred Flag
Preferred Flag is required. Record an appropriate value from the controlled list.

3.6.1.10

Creator Display (required)

3.6.1.10.1

Definition
The name, brief biographical information, and roles (if necessary) of the named or anonymous individuals or corporate bodies responsible for the design, production, manufacture, or alteration of the work, presented in a syntax suitable for display to the end-user and including any necessary indications of uncertainty, ambiguity, and nuance. If there is no known creator, make a reference to the presumed culture or nationality of the unknown creator.

• Examples
  
  
• Vincent van Gogh (Dutch painter and draftsman, 1853-1890)
  
  
• Unknown Etruscan
  
  
• attributed to Kicking Bear (Native American chief and painter, ca. 1846-1904)
  
  
• Marco Ricci (Venetian painter, 1676-1730), figures by Sebastiano Ricci (Venetian painter, 1659-1734)
  
  
• Peter King (English draftsman, 17th-18th centuries), with additions attributed to unknown English draftsman in the office of Nicholas Hawksmoor (English architect, 1661-1736)
  
  
• Peter Paul Rubens (Flemish painter and draftsman, 1577-1640) after original by Titian (Venetian painter and draftsman, ca. 1488-1576)
  

3.6.1.10.2

Values
Free text.

3.6.1.10.3

Sources
The same standard general references that are appropriate for the rest of the record may be used, including data from the repostory of the work.

3.6.1.10.4

Discussion

3.6.1.10.5

RULES for Creator Display

3.6.1.10.5.1

Minimum requirements for Creator Display
Creator Display is required. Record an appropriate free text value.

3.6.1.11

Preferred Flag (required-default)

3.6.1.11.1

Definition
An indication whether the Creator Display is preferred or non-preferred for the work record.

3.6.1.11.2

Values
Values are controlled by a list.

3.6.1.11.3

Sources
The same standard general references that are appropriate for the rest of the record may be used, including data from the repostory of the work.

3.6.1.11.4

Discussion

3.6.1.11.5

RULES for Preferred Flag

3.6.1.11.5.1

Minimum requirements for Preferred Flag
Preferred Flag is required. Record an appropriate value from the controlled list.

3.6.1.12

Contributor (required)

3.6.1.12.1

Definition
An indication of the contributor of the Creator Display.

3.6.1.12.2

Values
Values are controlled by a list.

3.6.1.12.3

Sources
The same standard general references that are appropriate for the rest of the record may be used, including data from the repostory of the work.

3.6.1.12.4

Discussion

3.6.1.12.5

RULES for Contributor

3.6.1.12.5.1

Minimum requirements for Contributor
Contributor is required, but typically supplied when the data is created or loaded. Change the contributor only when necessary.

3.6.1.13

Related Person / Corporate Body (required)

3.6.1.13.1

Definition
Any people or corporate bodies important to the work, and thus requiring indexing, particularly any people or corporate bodies related to the creation, design, execution, production, or commission of a work of art or architecture and its components, including all those responsible for the creation of the work or items in a collection or archival group.

3.6.1.13.2

Values
Values are controlled by a link to ULAN.

3.6.1.13.3

Sources
The same standard general references that are appropriate for the rest of the record may be used, including data from the repostory of the work.

3.6.1.13.4

Discussion

3.6.1.13.5

RULES for Related Person / Corporate Body

3.6.1.13.5.1

Minimum requirements for Related Person / Corporate Body
It is required to index the creator as Related Person / Corporate Body.. Link to the appropriate artist in ULAN.

3.6.1.14

Related Person Role (required)

3.6.1.14.1

Definition
The role or activity performed by the person or corporate body in relation to the work, usually regarding the conception, design, or production of a work.

• Examples
• artist
• painter
• designer
• printmaker
• publisher
• patron
  

3.6.1.14.2

Values
Values are controlled by a list.

3.6.1.14.3

Sources
The same standard general references that are appropriate for the rest of the record may be used, including data from the repostory of the work.

3.6.1.14.4

Discussion

3.6.1.14.5

RULES for Related Person Role

3.6.1.14.5.1

Minimum requirements for Related Person Role
Related Person Role is required for any link to ULAN. Record an appropriate value for Role from the controlled list.

• Singular vs. plural
  For a single person, use roles expressed in the singular (e.g., architect, painter). For corporate bodies, use a role that describes the entity (e.g., architectural firm, studio) or that is expressed in the plural (e.g., painters).
  
  
• In the Role field, some controlled values for roles are used for both singular and plural, expressed by using an "s" in parentheses (e.g., wood engraver(s)). In the Display Biography, use the correct singular or plural, without the parentheses.

3.6.1.15

Related Person Extent

3.6.1.15.1

Definition
The part of a work contributed by a particular creator or otherwise relevant to the indexed person or corporate body.

• Examples
• design
  predella
  execution
  additions
  figures
  sculpture
  embroidery
  engraved
  printed
  cast
  

3.6.1.15.2

Values
Values are controlled by a list.

3.6.1.15.3

Sources
The same standard general references that are appropriate for the rest of the record may be used, including data from the repostory of the work.

3.6.1.15.4

Discussion

3.6.1.15.5

RULES for Related Person Extent

3.6.1.15.5.1

Minimum requirements for Related Person Extent
Optional: If appropriate, record an appropriate value from the controlled list.

3.6.1.16

Related Person Qualifier

3.6.1.16.1

Definition
An expression of the certainty with which a work can be attributed to a known person or corporate body, used when the attribution is uncertain, is in dispute, when there is more than one creator, when there is a former attribution, or when the attribution otherwise requires explanation.

• Examples
• attributed to
  assistant to
  workshop of
  studio of
  atelier of
  office of
  pupil of
  associate of
  follower of
  school of
  circle of
  copyist of
  style of
  

3.6.1.16.2

Values
Values are controlled by a list.

3.6.1.16.3

Sources
The same standard general references that are appropriate for the rest of the record may be used, including data from the repostory of the work.

3.6.1.16.4

Discussion

3.6.1.16.5

RULES for Related Person Qualifier

3.6.1.16.5.1

Minimum requirements for Related Person Qualifier
Optional: Record an appropriate value from the controlled list, based on the definitions below.

No attribution qualifier
Using no attribution qualifier indicates that the repository and most or all scholars believe that the attribution to the named artist is certain. The same holds true for unknown artists who are identified by culture or nationality (e.g., unknown Celtic); if there is no attribution qualifier, the attribution to this culture is deemed secure.

Attributions to a known creator
Use one of the following qualifiers to express uncertainty when the attribution of a work to a known creator or architect is in question or to note a former attribution. The following may also be used for attributions to unknown artists (e.g., attributed to unknown Celtic).

attributed to: Use to express minor to moderate uncertainty regarding the attribution to a known artist, architect, or corporate body, as when the work's provenance, style, or physical characteristics strongly suggest a given creator, but the attribution cannot be validated with absolute certainty (e.g., attributed to Frans Hals (Dutch painter, ca. 1581-1666)).

formerly attributed to: Use to refer to an attribution that had been accepted in the past, but is no longer generally held to be valid (e.g., formerly attributed to Yan Wengui (Chinese, active ca. 970-1030)).

probably by: Use to express minor uncertainty regarding the attribution, generally indicating a slightly stronger probability than attributed to.

possibly by: Use to express significant uncertainty regarding attribution, indicating notably greater uncertainty than attributed to.

Unknown creators linked to a known creator
If the identity of a creator is unknown but he or she has worked closely with a known creator on the work, use an attribution qualifier to associate the work with the name of a known creator whose oeuvre is stylistically similar or otherwise related to the work at hand. In such cases, link to the known creator ULAN, but qualify the known creator's name with one of the qualifiers as described below.

Note: Do not use these qualifiers when the name of the creator of the object/work being cataloged is known or when an anonymous appellation is used for its creator (i.e., anonymous creators are those whose hand and oeuvre are known, but whose name alone is unknown, e.g., Master of the Caslav Panel). When named or anonymous creators (as opposed to unknown creators) have relationships to other artists, these relationships should be expressed in ULAN, not here in the Work record. For example, the Isaac Master worked in the workshop of Giotto. This working relationship surrounding the workshop should be recorded in the ULAN record for Giotto and the Isaac Master, NOT in work records by these creators.

Working directly with a known creator
Use one of the following qualifiers to indicate authorship by an unknown individual working directly for the named master, probably under his or her supervision. The distinction between workshop, studio, office, and atelier typically depends upon the historical period in question and the type of work being produced.

workshop of: Use for a work by an unknown artist or architect working under a master's name, generally in a system of apprenticeship common from ancient times through the mid-17th century (workshop of Gislebertus).

studio of: Use for a work by an unknown artist working for a named artist in a system common after the 16th century, when master artists took on pupils who were learning to be artists rather than apprentices who were learning a trade.

office of: Use for a work by an unknown architect working for a named architect in the 18th century through the present, when the group of people working for the architect calls itself an office (e.g., office of ChristopherWren).

atelier of: Use for a work by an unknown artist working for a named studio that called itself an atelier, generally reserved for those studios located in France, or in Britain after the 18th century.

assistant to: Use for a work by an unknown artist or architect working as an assistant to a named artist or architect whose staff is relatively small in number and do not call themselves a studio or an office. Also use for an assistant who worked in a studio or office, but in a special, close relationship to the named artist or architect.

pupil of: Use for a work by an unknown artist working under a named artist, where the relationship is apparently close, probably a student/teacher relationship; implies the unknown artist is probably younger or less experienced than the named artist; synonymous with student of.

associate of: Use for a work by an unknown artist working with a named artist, where the relationship is between two peers rather than between a student and teacher.

manufactory of: Use for a work by an unknown artist working for a named manufactory or factory, which is typically larger than a studio or workshop, and typically produces porcelain, tapestries, furniture, and occasionally fine art.

Not working directly with a known creator
Use one of the following qualifiers to refer to an unknown artist in direct contact with the works of the named creator, and living at the same time or shortly after him or her, though not actually working in his or her studio:

follower of: Use for a work by an unknown artist or architect whose style is strongly influenced by the named artist or architect, and who is living at the same time as or shortly after the named artist, but is not necessarily his or her pupil (e.g., follower of Hokusai).

circle of: Use for a work by an unknown artist who appears to be associated with the named artist, he or she is living at the same time as the named artist, and probably had some contact with him or her, but not is necessarily his or her pupil.

school of: Use for a work by an artist or architect whose style is influenced by the named artist or architect or by the associates of the named artist, who is living at the same time or shortly after the named artist, but is not known to be a pupil or direct follower of the named artist (e.g., school of Rembrandt).

Influenced by a known creator
Use one of the following qualifiers to indicate an influence of (or an outright copy of) the style of the named master, but with the connotation that the named creator had little or nothing to do with the actual work at hand. The unknown creator need not necessarily be a contemporary of the named master (e.g., style of Raphael or copyist of Rodin):

style of: Use for a work by an unknown artist whose style is strongly under the influence of the style of the named master (e.g., style of Raphael).

after: Use for a work by an unknown artist who has created a copy of a known work of the named artist.

copyist of: Use for a work by an unknown artist whose style seems to be a deliberate copy of the style of the named artist, but when the work at hand is not a direct copy of a known work by the named artist (e.g., copyist of Rodin).

manner of: Use for a work by an unknown artist whose style or elements of whose style are somewhat close to the style of the named artist, but whose work does not seem to be a deliberate copy of the named artist, and who generally lived in a period after the named artist.

3.6.1.17

Creation Date Display (required)

3.6.1.17.1

Definition
A concise description of the date or range of dates associated with the creation, design, production, presentation, performance, construction, or alteration of the work or its components, presented in a syntax suitable for display to the end-user and including any necessary indications of uncertainty, ambiguity, and nuance.

• Examples
• 1889
• 1766-1782
• 12 December 2010
• Christmas 1472
• before 952 BCE
• 1940-1949
• ca. 1537
• late 4th century BCE
• 17th century
• designed 1911, executed 1942-1948
• reign of Rameses II
• An II de la Republique (1794)
• illuminated 2nd quarter of 11th century, binding probably dates from 12th century
  

3.6.1.17.2

Values
Free text.

3.6.1.17.3

Sources
The same standard general references that are appropriate for the rest of the record may be used, including data from the repostory of the work.

3.6.1.17.4

Discussion

3.6.1.17.5

RULES for Creation Date Display

3.6.1.17.5.1

Minimum requirements for Creation Date Display
Creation Date Display is required. Record an appropriate free text value. It is required to also index this display with Start and End Date.

3.6.1.18

Date Qualifier

3.6.1.18.1

Definition
A clarification of the meaning of the date, including an indication that different creative activities took place on different dates.

• Examples
• design
  execution
  alteration
  addition
  performance
  restoration
  destruction
  discovery
  bulk
  inclusive
  coverage
  publication
  

3.6.1.18.2

Values
Values are controlled by a list.

3.6.1.18.3

Sources
The same standard general references that are appropriate for the rest of the record may be used, including data from the repostory of the work.

3.6.1.18.4

Discussion

3.6.1.18.5

RULES for Date Qualifier

3.6.1.18.5.1

Minimum requirements for Date Qualifier
Optional: Record an appropriate value from the controlled list.

3.6.1.19

Start Date and End Date (required)

3.6.1.19.1

Definition
The earliest and latest possible dates when the work of art or architecture was created. For works that were created over a span of time, this is the year when the work was designed or when execution was begun, and the year when it was completed. For uncertain or approximate dates, this is the earliest possible year when the work could have been begun or designed.

3.6.1.19.2

Values
Values are controlled format.

3.6.1.19.3

Sources
The same standard general references that are appropriate for the rest of the record may be used, including data from the repostory of the work.

3.6.1.19.4

Discussion

3.6.1.19.5

RULES for Start Date / End Date

3.6.1.19.5.1

Minimum requirements for Start Date / End Date
Start Date and End Date are required. The set is repeatable. If you repeat the set, however, you must define the meaning of the dates with Qualifier.

3.6.1.20

Geographic or Corporate Body Location (required)

3.6.1.20.1

Definition
The name of the repository or of a geographic location where the work is currently located. May also include discovery location and other types of locations.

• Examples
  
  
• Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, New York, USA)
• Vienna (Austria)
  

3.6.1.20.2

Values
Values are controlled by ULAN and TGN.

3.6.1.20.3

Sources
The same standard general references that are appropriate for the rest of the record may be used, including data from the repostory of the work.

3.6.1.20.4

Discussion

3.6.1.20.5

RULES for Geographic or Corporate Body Location

3.6.1.20.5.1

Minimum requirements for Geographic or Corporate Body Location
The current Geographic or Corporate Body Location is required. Record an appropriate value by linking to ULAN for corporate bodies (repositories) and to TGN for architecture and other works not in a repository.

• For movable works, link to the name of a repository in ULAN, if possible.
  
  
• For built works and when otherwise appropriate, link to a geographic location in TGN.
  
  
• If the work is lost, destroyed, has location unknown, or the work is in an anonymous private collection, indicate this. Also include the repository number, credit line, and other administrative information about the work in the appropriate fields.

3.6.1.21

Current Flag (required-default)

3.6.1.21.1

Definition
An indication of whether the location is current or another type of location.

3.6.1.21.2

Values
Values are controlled by a list.

3.6.1.21.3

Sources
The same standard general references that are appropriate for the rest of the record may be used, including data from the repostory of the work.

3.6.1.21.4

Discussion

3.6.1.21.5

RULES for Current Flag

3.6.1.21.5.1

Minimum requirements for Current Flag
Record an appropriate value from the controlled list. Recording a current location for the work is required.

3.6.1.22

Location Type (required-default)

3.6.1.22.1

Definition
For locations other than current locations, an indication of the significance of this location as related to the work.

• Examples
• former
  creation
  discovery
  architectural context
  not applicable
  lost
  destroyed
  

3.6.1.22.2

Values
Values are controlled by a list.

3.6.1.22.3

Sources
The same standard general references that are appropriate for the rest of the record may be used, including data from the repostory of the work.

3.6.1.22.4

Discussion

3.6.1.22.5

RULES for Location Type

3.6.1.22.5.1

Minimum requirements for Location Type
Location Type is required. Record an appropriate value from the controlled list.

3.6.1.23

Repository Numbers (required)

3.6.1.23.1

Definition
Any unique identifiers assigned to a work by the current or a former repository.

• Examples
  
  
• 1987.776.32 A
  P&D 3455-90
  86.DH.705.1
  AR1982:0002,#145: 116
  Barb. lat. 4434, folio 3
  Ms. Coll. E.2.I.28
  /503/1913
  

3.6.1.23.2

Values
Free text.

3.6.1.23.3

Sources
The same standard general references that are appropriate for the rest of the record may be used, including data from the repostory of the work.

3.6.1.23.4

Discussion

3.6.1.23.5

RULES for Repository Numbers

3.6.1.23.5.1

Minimum requirements for Repository Numbers
Recording Repository Numbers is required, if known.

3.6.1.24

Credit Line (required)

3.6.1.24.1

Definition
A brief statement indicating how the work came into the current collection or how it came to be on view at the repository; generally created by the repository.

• Examples
  
  
• Rogers Fund, 1949
  
  
• Bashford Dean Memorial Collection, Gift of Edward S. Harkness, 1929
  
  
• Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts Gift, Joyce and Robert Menschel Gift and Rogers Fund, 1995
  

3.6.1.24.2

Values
Free text.

3.6.1.24.3

Sources
The same standard general references that are appropriate for the rest of the record may be used, including data from the repostory of the work.

3.6.1.24.4

Discussion

3.6.1.24.5

RULES for Credit Line

3.6.1.24.5.1

Minimum requirements for Credit Line
If the repository requires a credit line, it is required to include it, if known.

3.6.1.25

Address Note

3.6.1.25.1

Definition
An indication of the street address for a built work, or gallery or shelf location of a movable work within the repository.

• Examples
  
  
• Gallery 223, Asian Art, second floor
• AF-009.45
• Room 89
• 234 Washington Street

3.6.1.25.2

Values
Free text.

3.6.1.25.3

Sources
The same standard general references that are appropriate for the rest of the record may be used, including data from the repostory of the work.

3.6.1.25.4

Discussion

3.6.1.25.5

RULES for Address Note

3.6.1.25.5.1

Minimum requirements for Address Note
Optional: Record appropriate values in the Address Note.

¹"Required-default" indicates that a default is automatically set, but should be changed by the cataloguer as necessary.