DEFINITION
Political,
social, economic, or religious events or movements associated with the
work of art or architecture at its creation and over time, including competitions.
This category is also used to record the placement of a work in a particular
position within an architectural context and any information about the
discovery or excavation of the work.
SUBCATEGORIES
GENERAL
DISCUSSION
This
category provides information specific events (e.g., a coronation or a
competition) or situations (e.g., the AIDS epidemic) that influenced the
creation or later history of a work. It also records the historical relationship
of the object to architectural environments, to an archaeological site,
or to another historical location. CONTEXT positions the work in its historical
framework, establishing the conditions that governed its creation or influenced
the creator's interpretation of his or her subject matter. Context contains
the historical data that helps to define the work. The American Association
for State and Local History defines "Historical Data" as "Data
that provides a broad historical context for objects, relating them to
people, organizations, places, events, and concepts." [1]
Event-related
context
Context is critical for works of art or architecture created for a particular
event (e.g., the World's Columbian Exhibition at Chicago in 1893)
or a special competition. Historical events may have influenced creation
in many ways; for example, Trajan's Column was created to celebrate
the Emperor's successes against the Dacians; and General Idea's work was
profoundly influenced by the AIDS epidemic.[2]
Architectural
context
Perception
of a work of art is often colored by the physical context within which
it is seen. The spatial relationship between the viewer and the work of
art may have influenced its creation. For example, a work may have been
conceived to fit within a particular decorative scheme, such as Robert
Adam's work at Syon Park, or within a particular interior, such as Masaccio's
Trinity at Santa Maria Novella in Florence. The relative position
of a work within a particular space, or on a building, may also have influenced
its interpretation and assessment. For example, Bernini's Fountain
of the Four Rivers was given a prominent position in front of Borromini's
façade of Sant'Agnese in Agone, which has been interpreted as a
polemical attitude of one architect toward the other.
Archaeological
context
Documenting
the discovery or archaeological excavation of a work provides important
information about its origins, history, and past use. It can assist in
dating the work and may provide clues to its creation.Archaeological
context (e.g., the disposition of artifacts in the Sutton Hoo ship-burial
hoard) becomes especially important when little else is known about the
work or its creation.
Historical
location
There may be locations associated with the work in various historical
contexts. There are several areas of an Object/Work record where historical
locations or "place" may be recorded as specifically related
to other subcategories (e.g., OWNERSHIP/COLLECTING HISTORY). The subcategories
in CONTEXT allow for the recording of additional miscellaneous historical
locations that fall outside the scope of any other subcategory in the
Object/Work record.
Over
time, a work can be associated with different contexts; each should be
described in a separate occurrence of the sets of subcategories of CONTEXT.
The interpretation of context may be open to dispute, so multiple opinions
should be accommodated.
Contextual
information can be derived from inscriptions, literary descriptions, archival
documents, eyewitness accounts, biographies, reviews, other works of art,
letters, labels, inventories, artists' statements or later interpretations
of a work or subject matter.
RELATED
CATEGORIES and ACCESS
Record the culture that created the work in CREATION - CULTURE. Information
in CONTEXT may be repeated to some extent in DESCRIPTIVE NOTE. Information
in CONTEXT may be repeated or expanded upon in PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION, FACTURE,
ORIENTATION/ARRANGEMENT, STYLES/PERIODS/GROUPS/MOVEMENTS, and CRITICAL
RESPONSES, as necessary.
Other
works that share a similar context may be indicated in RELATED WORKS.
The provenance or history of ownership of a work is recorded in OWNERSHIP/COLLECTING
HISTORY. If a work's purpose has changed over time, its present function,
the original object type, and all subsequent object types should be indicated
in OBJECT/WORK - TYPE. The place where a work was produced should be specified
in CREATION - PLACE. Historical events and people depicted in a work should
be indicated in SUBJECT MATTER. Competitions may be recorded in CONTEXT
- EVENTS, but the history of a work's inclusion in exhibitions in art
galleries, museums, and other public spaces is recorded in EXHIBITION/LOAN
HISTORY. If a particular context has altered a work's appearance, this
fact should be noted in CONDITION/EXAMINATION HISTORY. Technical studies
that establish details about a context should be described in CONSERVATION/TREATMENT
HISTORY.
17.1. Historical/Cultural Events
DEFINITION
A description of the political, social, economic, or religious events
or circumstances associated with the work over time.
EXAMPLES
[for
a drawing by S.W. Milburn and Partners]
Design was made for the International Architectural Competition for
the Opera House in Sydney, Australia.
[for the painting The Oath of the Horatii]
The official artist of the French Revolution was Jacques-Louis David
(1748-1825), who was eventually entrusted with the commemorative portraits
of martyred revolutionary leaders, the design of public pageants, celebrations,
state funerals, and even the designs for the costumes to be worn by
the citizens and citizenesses of the republic...The Oath of the Horatii
shows the three Horatii brothers, chosen to defend Rome in combat against
the Curiatii...The incident was recorded by Roman historians, and although
it took place under the kingdom, [it] was believed by the French to
have been an example of republican patriotism.[3]
Ironically, David's painting was commissioned in 1785 by Louis XVI,
even though it ultimately inspired the nascent revolutionary sentiments
that led to his beheading in 1793.
DISCUSSION
and GUIDELINES
Optional: Describe the relationship between the work and
historical or cultural events associated with it. If
this information is discussed in the DESCRIPTIVE NOTE, it need not be
repeated here, but it should be indexed in EVENT IDENTIFICATION below.
It
is particularly important to record events or circumstances having to
do with the purpose of the work. Context can include named events (e.g.,
Marriage of Maria de'Medici, World's Columbian Exposition, or Vietnam
War) as well as circumstances that do not have a proper name (e.g.,
a generic funeral or marriage). Since the association of
the work with the event may be a matter of opinion, explain any uncertainty
or nuance.
Form and syntax
Use natural word order. You may use phrases or complete sentences, but
always begin the note with a capital letter and end it with a period.
Use sentence case (not all capitals or title case). Capitalize proper
names. Avoid abbreviations. Write the note in the language of the catalog
record (English in the United States). Names and other words in foreign
languages may be used within the note when there is no commonly used English
equivalent. Use diacritics as appropriate.
TERMINOLOGY/FORMAT
Free text: This is not a controlled field, however the
use of consistent terminology is recommended for clarity. Index the event
in EVENT IDENTIFICATION.
17.1.1. Event Type
DEFINITION
Generic term characterizing the type of event associated with the work, excluding creation and other events and activities recorded in other subcategories.
EXAMPLES
-
coronation
- war
- inauguration
- competition
- exhibition
- funeral
DISCUSSION
and GUIDELINES
Optional: Record a generic term referring to the type of event associated with the work. The term may be used alone, or with a named event in EVENT IDENTIFICATION subcategory.
Occasionally, it will be necessary to record an event in this subcategory for which a proper name is inappropriate (e.g., if the work
refers to a generic funeral, not a particular one) or for other reasons will not be identified in EVENT IDENTIFICATION, discussed below.
Reference to the context or purpose of the work may be recorded
as OBJECT/WORK TYPE or in SUBJECT MATTER, and need not be repeated here. Record creation in the CREATION subcategories. Record other events or activities in other specifically designated subcategories when possible.
Form and syntax
Record the term in lower case. Use the singular form
of terms. Use terms in the language of the catalog record
(English in the United States).
TERMINOLOGY/FORMAT
Controlled list: Control this subcategory with a controlled list, using the terms in the Examples above, and others as necessary. Sources of vocabulary may include the AAT (particularly the Events and Associated Concepts hierarchies).
17.1.2. Event Identification
DEFINITION
An identification of the event or situation involving the work of art
or architecture.
EXAMPLES
-
French Revolution (France, 1787-1799)
- World's Columbian Exposition (Chicago, Illinois, USA,
1893)
- International Architectural Competition for the Sydney Opera House
(Sydney, Australia,
1957)
- European expansion in the "New World" (North
and South America, 16th-17th century)
- Marriage of Peter the Great and Catherine Alekseyevna (Russia, 1712)
- Coronation of Itzcoatl (Mexico, 1427)
- Independence of Mexico (from Spain, 16 September 1810 )
- Bombing of Guernica (during Spanish Civil War, 26 April 1937)
- Battle of Marathon (Marathon plain, northeastern Attica, September
490 BCE)
- Vietnam War (Vietnam, 1954-1975)
- AIDS Epidemic (worldwide, first reported in 1981)
DISCUSSION
and GUIDELINES
Optional: Record the particular event or situation
with which the work is associated.
Form and syntax
For the proper names of events, record the names in title
case, not sentence case. Maintain consistent capitalization,
punctuation, and syntax in event names across the database
where possible. Capitalize all personal, corporate, and geographic
proper names in the event name. For constructed event names
in English, capitalize the first word and all nouns, pronouns,
verbs, adverbs, adjectives, and subordinate conjunctions;
use lower case for articles, coordinate conjunctions, and
prepositions, unless they are the first word of the name of
the event. For event names in other languages, follow capitalization
rules of that language. For further rules, see the SUBJECT
AUTHORITY.
Devise a name for events, when appropriate and as advised
in the SUBJECT AUTHORITY. For example, a name should be constructed
for the marriage between two famous people, such as Marriage
of King Louis XVI of France and Marie Antoinette, even
if the cataloger cannot find the proper name in a source.
Note
that generic terms to describe named events will be recorded in the SUBJECT
AUTHORITY and do not need to be repeated here (e.g., if you record the
event Vietnam
War (Vietnam, 1954-1975) in this subcategory, the event will be indexed
as a war in the authority). However, you may also record the generic event term in EVENT TYPE if necessary, although that subcategory is generally used for generic event terms for which no named event will be recorded.
TERMINOLOGY/FORMAT
Authority
or controlled list: Control the named events in this subcategory
with the so-called SUBJECT AUTHORITY, which contains records for events
and can be populated with terminology from the controlled vocabularies
named below. Named events should be recorded in the SUBJECT AUTHORITY,
together with their variant names, a term indicating the type of event,
location of the event, dates of the event, people involved in the event,
and other information. Display the event names with the SUBJECT AUTHORITY
- QUALIFIER (generally comprising a geographic place and date). Sources
of vocabulary include Canadiana_Authorities, LC Name Authorities, LCSH,
and others as recommended in the SUBJECT AUTHORITY.
For generic events that do not have a proper name, control terminology
for with the GENERIC CONCEPT AUTHORITY or devise a more concise controlled
list for this subcategory. Sources of vocabulary may include the AAT(particularly the Events and Associated Concepts hierarchies).
17.1.3. Event Date
DEFINITION
A description of the
year or span of time during which the work was associated with the event
or situation.
EXAMPLES
from 1492
1789-1799
312 BCE
30 May 1831
May 1770
1587
before 1952
17th century
by 1848-ca. 1880
DISCUSSION
and GUIDELINES
Optional: Record a year, precise day and month, a span
of years, or a phrase that describes the specific or approximate
date when the work was associated with the event. Since dates
may be approximate, indications of nuance and certainty should
be expressed, as necessary.
Form and syntax
Follow rules for display dates in CREATION - CREATION DATE.
Use
this subcategory when the date of the association of the work with the
event does not directly correspond to the duration of the event (e.g.,
as when a work is associated with one particular year, but the event took
place over a number of years). Note that the dates for the event itself
will be recorded in the so-called SUBJECT AUTHORITY and should not be
repeated here (e.g., the dates of the French Revolution are 1787-1799;
these dates should be recorded in the SUBJECT AUTHORITY record for the
French Revolution).
Form and syntax
If a specific date is known, record the year, or the day, month and year.
If a span of dates is applicable, record the year beginning the span,
dash, and the year ending the span. Use natural word order. Do not capitalize
words other than proper nouns or period names. Avoid abbreviations, except
with ca. (for "circa"), the numbers in century or dynasty
designations (e.g., 17th century), and BCE and CE. Include all
digits for both years in a span; for example, with four-digit years, do
not abbreviate the second year (e.g., record 1780-1795, NOT 1780-95).
Use ordinal numbers (e.g., 17th) and Arabic numbers (e.g., 1959),
as appropriate. Express words and phrases in the language of the catalog
record (English in the United States), except in rare cases where no English-language
equivalent exists or where the foreign term is most commonly used (e.g.,
with the name of a period). Use diacritics as required.
Use the proleptic Gregorian calendar. Use BCE (Before Common
Era) to indicate dates before the year 1 in the proleptic Gregorian calendar.
Use CE as necessary. For very ancient works, artifacts, and in
certain other disciplines where BCE is not appropriate (e.g., in
Pre-Columbian studies), use the phrases years ago or before
present.
Follow other rules as explained in CREATION - DATE.
TERMINOLOGY/FORMAT
Free-text: This is not a controlled field. Maintain consistent
capitalization, punctuation, and syntax where possible. Index the dates
in the controlled EARLIEST and LATEST DATE subcategories.
17.1.3.1. Earliest Date
DEFINITION
The
earliest possible date when the work was associated with the event or
situation.
EXAMPLES
1492
1789
-312
1831-05-30
DISCUSSION
and GUIDELINES
Optional: Record the earliest year when the work was associated
with the event.
Form and syntax
Always record years in the proleptic Gregorian calendar in
the indexing dates fields. You may record the precise day
and month, if pertinent. Use the following syntax: YYYY-MM-DD
(year, month, day, separated by dashes), if possible. (The
standards suggest alternate possibilities: you may use an
alternative syntax if you are consistent and it is compliant
with the standards.) It is optional to record EARLIEST DATE;
however, if you record a value here, you must also record
LATEST DATE. For other rules, see CREATION - CREATION DATE
- EARLIEST DATE.
Note that the dates for the event itself are recorded in the so-called
SUBJECT AUTHORITY and do not need to be repeated here.
TERMINOLOGY/FORMAT
Controlled format: Date information must be formatted consistently
to allow retrieval. Local rules should be in place. Suggested formats
are available in the ISO Standard and W3 XML Schema Part 2.
ISO 8601:2004 Representation of dates and times. International Organization
for Standardization. Data Elements and Interchange Formats. Information
Interchange. Representation of Dates and Times. Geneva, Switzerland:
International Organization for Standardization, 2004.
XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes, 2001. www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/.
17.1.3.2. Latest Date
DEFINITION
The
latest possible date when the work was associated with the event or situation.
EXAMPLES
1510
1799
-312
1831-05-30
DISCUSSION
and GUIDELINES
Optional: Record the latest year when the work was associated
with the event. If the event is still going on, record 9999.
Form and syntax
Always record years in the proleptic Gregorian calendar in
the indexing dates fields. You may record the precise day
and month, if pertinent. Use the following syntax: YYYY-MM-DD
(year, month, day, separated by dashes), if possible. (The
standards suggest alternate possibilities: you may use an
alternative syntax if you are consistent and it is compliant
with the standards.) It is optional to record LATEST DATE;
however, if you record a value here, you must also record
EARLIEST DATE. For other rules, see CREATION - CREATION DATE
- LATEST DATE.
Note that the dates for the event itself are recorded in the so-called
SUBJECT AUTHORITY and do not need to be repeated here.
TERMINOLOGY/FORMAT
Controlled format: Date information must be formatted consistently
to allow retrieval. Local rules should be in place. Suggested formats
are available in the ISO Standard and W3 XML Schema Part 2.
ISO 8601:2004 Representation of dates and times. International Organization
for Standardization. Data Elements and Interchange Formats. Information
Interchange. Representation of Dates and Times. Geneva, Switzerland:
International Organization for Standardization, 2004.
XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes, 2001. www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/.
17.1.4. Event Place
DEFINITION
The
geographic location where a work of art was associated with a particular
event or situation.
EXAMPLES
-
Rome (Lazio, Italy)
- Fotheringay Castle (Northamptonshire, England, United Kingdom)
- Washington (DC, USA)
- Karnak (Qin governorate, Upper Egypt region, Egypt)
-
North and South America
- France
- Asia
- northern Africa
DISCUSSION
and GUIDELINES
Optional: Record the geographic place where the work was
associated with the event or situation. Use this subcategory to record
only those places that are relevant to the relationship between the work
and the event, when this place differs from the location of the event
overall (e.g., the AIDS epidemic is a worldwide event/situation;
if the work is related only to the AIDS epidemic in the nation of Congo,
Congo should be recorded here). Note that the location of the event
as a whole will be recorded in the SUBJECT AUTHORITY and should not be
repeated here.
Express nuance and uncertainty regarding the place in the free-text CONTEXT
- EVENTS or the DESCRIPTIVE NOTE.
Form and syntax
Capitalize all proper names, including the names of villages, towns, cities,
provinces, states, nations, empires, kingdoms, and physical features (e.g.,
Agroha (Haryana state, India)). If a name includes an article or
preposition (e.g. de, des, la, l'), generally use lower case except
when it is the first word in the name (e.g., Aire-sur-la-Lys (Nord-Pas-de-Calais,
France), but La Chapelle (Louisiana, USA)). Avoid abbreviations.
For detailed guidelines regarding the format and syntax of place names,
see the CURRENT LOCATION category and the PLACE/LOCATION AUTHORITY.
TERMINOLOGY/FORMAT
Authority: Control this subcategory with the PLACE/LOCATION
AUTHORITY, which can be populated with terminology from the following
controlled vocabularies and others: TGN,
NGA (NIMA) and USGS, Canadiana_Authorities, LC Name Authorities,
and LCSH. Display the names with the broader
contexts as described in the PLACE/LOCATION AUTHORITY.
RELATED
CATEGORIES and ACCESS
If
a work was installed in a particular building or part of a building, this
should be indicated in CONTEXT - ARCHITECTURAL - PART/PLACEMENT.
17.1.5. Event Agent
DEFINITION
An individual
or group associated with the work in a given context.
EXAMPLES
- Robespierre, Maximilien de (French Jacobin
leader, 1758-1794)
- Itzcatl (Aztec ruler, ruled 1428-1440)
- Khafre (Egyptian king, 2520-2494 BCE)
- Elizabeth II (British queen, born 1926)
- Pope Julius II (Pope, 1443-1513)
- Jesuits (Roman Catholic religious order, founded 1524)
- Works Progress Administration (United States government
work program, created in 1935)
DISCUSSION
and GUIDELINES
Optional:
Record people and corporate bodies associated with the work in the context
of the named event or other historical context, excluding creators and
owners. This category may be used for recording dedicatees or donors.
For
example, an eighteenth-century globe bears a dedication to the duchesse
du Maine, wife of an illegitimate child of Louis XIV [Figure
10]; the generic event "dedication"
may be recorded in
CONTEXT - EVENTS - EVENT IDENTIFICATIONand the name of the dedicatee
may be recorded here.
Express nuance and uncertainty in the free-text CONTEXT - HISTORICAL/EVENTSor DESCRIPTIVE NOTE.
Form
and syntax
Capitalize all proper names. If a name includes an article or preposition
(e.g. de, des, la, l'), generally use lower case except when it
is the first word in the name. Avoid abbreviations. Display the name in
natural order (rather than inverted order), if possible. For detailed
guidelines regarding the format and syntax of names, see the CREATION
- CREATOR subcategories and the PERSON/CORPORATE BODY AUTHORITY.
TERMINOLOGY/FORMAT
Authority:
Control this subcategory with the PERSON/CORPORATE BODY AUTHORITY,
which can be populated with published authorities, including the following:
Canadiana_Authorities, LC Name Authorities,
ULAN, and Yale
British Artists. Display the names PERSON/CORPORATE BODY AUTHORITY
- DISPLAY BIOGRAPHY (generally comprising the nationality, life roles,
and life dates).
RELATED
CATEGORIES and ACCESS
Record
the creators in CREATION - CREATOR. Record the owners in OWNERSHIP/COLLECTING
HISTORY. Patrons and donors will generally be recorded in OWNERSHIP/COLLECTING
HISTORY, given that they are typically the first owner of the work. Patrons
and donors may be recorded in CREATION - CREATOR if they have contributed
to the design of the work (e.g., with many ancient Roman emperors).
17.1.5.1. Agent Role
DEFINITION
The
role or activity performed by the person or corporate body in the context
of the work in a particular event or situation.
EXAMPLES
dedicatee
donor
queen
pharaoh
revolutionary leader
evaluator
thief
smuggler
agent
DISCUSSION
and GUIDELINES
Optional: Record the role of the person or corporate body
in the context of the particular event or other historical context. Note
that this subcategory does not record the life roles of the person, which
are recorded in the PERSON/CORPORATE BODY AUTHORITY.
Form and syntax
Record the singular form of the term when it refers to one person; record
a plural term when appropriate. Record the term in lower case except where
the term includes a proper noun or is otherwise capitalized in the source
controlled vocabulary. Avoid abbreviations. Record terms in natural word
order, not inverted. Do not use punctuation, except hyphens, as required.
TERMINOLOGY/FORMAT
Authority:
Control this subcategory with the GENERIC CONCEPT AUTHORITY. Use
terms that have been populated from the AAT
(especially Agents facet).
17.1.6. Contextual Cost or
Value
DEFINITION
The
monetary value associated with a work in a specific historical or cultural
context, including current value.
EXAMPLES
- restored for 26 scudi romani per day during 1770-1776
- appraised at £110,000 at Sotheby's in 1946
DISCUSSION
and GUIDELINES
Optional: Record the value of the work. Include the amount, the currency, the type of transaction,
and the type of payment, if applicable. Since historical currencies are
difficult to convert into modern ones, it is important to record the value
as it is found in documentation; however, a conversion into modern equivalents
may also be included. Evaluations or estimations may be expressed as a
range (e.g., probably 50-55 gold florins).
TERMINOLOGY/FORMAT
Free text: This is not a controlled field. Even though
this is a free-text field, the use of consistent format and controlled
terminology is recommended for clarity.
RELATED CATEGORIES and ACCESS
Record the cost of the work as it changed hands with various owners in
OWNERSHIP/COLLECTING HISTORY - COST OR VALUE.
17.1.6.1 Valuation
DEFINITION
An expression of the value for display.
EXAMPLES
1000 Belgian Francs
£110,000
48,000 yen
DISCUSSION
and GUIDELINES
Optional: Record a display form for the value of the work, including currency and amount.
TERMINOLOGY/FORMAT
Free text: This is not a controlled field.
17.1.6.1.1 Valuation Amount
DEFINITION
The numerical amount expressed in Valuation.
EXAMPLES
1000
110,000
48,000
DISCUSSION
and GUIDELINES
Optional: Record whole numbers or decimal fractions represented in the Valuation.
TERMINOLOGY/FORMAT
Controlled format:Whole numbers or decimal fractions only.
17.1.6.1.2 Currency Unit
DEFINITION
The type of currency expressed in Valuation.
EXAMPLES
United States dollar
Florentine florin
South Korean won
DISCUSSION
and GUIDELINES
Optional: Record the type of currency noted in Valuation.
TERMINOLOGY/FORMAT
Controlled list:Use abbreviations or terms consistently. Use an authority, such as the AAT; uses the narrower context terms for AAT 300411993 currencies (systems of money). Abbreviations may be used (e.g., FRF rather than French franc, however, note that if historical currencies are included in the data base, they may not have standard abbreviations.
17.1.6.2 Date of Valuation
DEFINITION
The date of the Valuation.
EXAMPLES
22 May 1954
08/12/2001
between 1600 and 1603
DISCUSSION
and GUIDELINES
Optional: Record the date when the Valuation was made.
TERMINOLOGY/FORMAT
Free text: Typically a display date field. Ranges of dates, uncertainty, and ambiguity may be expressed. For indexing this display date with years, use Earliest and Latest Dates, described below. If it is necessary to instead consistently index using day, month, and year throughout the entire database, adopt a standard controlled format for date.
17.1.6.2.1 Earliest Date of Valuation
DEFINITION
The earliest year indicated for the Valuation display date.
EXAMPLES
1954
2001
1600
DISCUSSION
and GUIDELINES
Optional: Index using a whole number representing the earliest year indicated in the display date for when the Valuation was made.
TERMINOLOGY/FORMAT
Controlled format: Whole numbers.
17.1.6.2.2 Latest Date of Valuation
DEFINITION
The latest year indicated for the Valuation display date.
EXAMPLES
1954
2001
1603
DISCUSSION
and GUIDELINES
Optional: Index using a whole number representing the latest year indicated in the display date for when the Valuation was made. If the valuation was known to have been made in a single year, repeat the same year as Earliest Date in this field.
TERMINOLOGY/FORMAT
Controlled format: Whole numbers.
17.1.6.3 Valuation Agent
DEFINITION
The person or corporate body who made the Valuation.
EXAMPLES
- Sotheby's (International auction house, founded 1744 in London)
- Sir Robert Bruce Cotton (English antiquarian, 1571-1631)
DISCUSSION
and GUIDELINES
Optional: Record the person or corporate body known to be responsible for the Valuation.
TERMINOLOGY/FORMAT
Authority:Control this subcategory with the PERSON/CORPORATE BODY AUTHORITY. Populate the local authority with, or link to, standard authorities such as ULAN, Canadiana Authorities, LC Name Authorities, and other sources as appropriate.
17.2. Architectural Context
DEFINITION
A description of the relationship
between a work and a particular built
work, environment, or open space.
EXAMPLES
[for
relief fragments in the Archaeological Museum, Corfu]
The Medusa once stood at the apex of the west pediment at the Temple
of Artemis, Corfu. The two crouching lions were positioned to either
side.
[for the Purification of the Virgin by Bartolo di Fredi,
now in the Louvre, Paris]
The Purification of the Virgin probably once stood on the altar in
the chapel of San Guglielmo, in the church of Sant'Agostino, San Gimignano.
The walls of this chapel were also painted by Bartolo and his shop, depicting
other scenes from the Life of the Virgin...Apparently the Purification
was the central panel in a large polyptych, reported to have had the Massacre
of the Innocents depicted above, scenes from the Life of Christ (presumably
a predella), and other saints...[4]
DISCUSSION
and GUIDELINES
Optional: Record
a description of where and how a work of art or architecture was incorporated
in a particular space, whether it was a designed space, an interior, a
public exterior space, such as a plaza, or a natural space, such as a
mountain.Explain any uncertainty or nuance. If
this information is discussed in the DESCRIPTIVE NOTE, it need not be
repeated here, but it should be indexed in BUILDING/SITE below.
Form and syntax
Use natural word order. You may use phrases or complete sentences, but
always begin the note with a capital letter and end it with a period.
Use sentence case (not all capitals or title case). Capitalize proper
names. Avoid abbreviations. Write the note in the language of the catalog
record (English in the United States). Names and other words in foreign
languages may be used within the note when there is no commonly used English
equivalent. Use diacritics as appropriate.
TERMINOLOGY/FORMAT
Free text: This is not a controlled field, however the
use of consistent terminology is recommended for clarity. Index the built
work or place in BUILDING/SITE.
17.2.1. Building/Site
Context
DEFINITION
The specific built work or site within which the work of art or architecture
was incorporated or displayed.
EXAMPLES
Temple
of Artemis (Ephesus, now in Turkey, destroyed 3rd century CE)
Great Stupa of Dharmakaya (Shambhala Mountain Center, Red Feather Lakes,
Colorado, USA; consecrated in 2001)
Tornabuoni Chapel (Santa Maria Novella, Florence, Italy, 1470)
Place de la Concorde (Paris, France, designed in 18th century)
Ana Kai Tangata (cave) (Rapa Nui island, South Pacific)
DISCUSSION
and GUIDELINES
Optional: Record the proper name of the building or other
architectural context within which a particular work was originally or
formerly seen. This name will typically represent a built work controlled
by the so-called SUBJECT AUTHORITY; however, city squares may be controlled
by the PLACE/LOCATION AUTHORITY. Occasionally,
a relationship between the work and a physical feature may be recorded
(e.g., regarding the placement of the work inside a cave or on a mountain)
and controlled
by the PLACE/LOCATION AUTHORITY..
Occasionally,
the architectural work or place may not have a proper name; in such cases,
use the constructed preferred "name" that has been constructed
in the authority.
Explain
any uncertainty or nuance regarding the architectural/site context in
the free-text
CONTEXT - ARCHITECTURAL subcategory or in the DESCRIPTIVE NOTE.
Note:
Do
not use this subcategory to record the current or former locations of
a work; use it only for an architectural or natural context that requires
a description of placement and cannot be captured in a location or "place"
subcategory elsewhere in the Object/Work record.
Specificity
Record the most specific reference that is warranted. For example,
if an altarpiece was located in a particular chapel, record the name of
the chapel (e.g., Tornabuoni Chapel (Santa Maria Novella, Florence,
Italy, 1470)).
Form and syntax
Capitalize
all proper names, including the names of buildings, city squares, and
physical features. If a name includes an article or preposition (e.g.
de, des, la, l'), generally use lower case except when it is the first
word in the name. For additional guidelines regarding the syntax and format
of the names
of built works, see the SUBJECT AUTHORITY. For additional guidelines
regarding the syntax and format of place names, see the CURRENT LOCATION
category and the PLACE/LOCATION AUTHORITY.
TERMINOLOGY/FORMAT
Authority:
For the names of built works, control terminology with the SUBJECT
AUTHORITY. Display the names of the buildings with the SUBJECT AUTHORITY
- QUALIFIER (generally comprising the geographic location and a date of
construction). See the SUBJECT AUTHORITY for recommendations regarding
which published vocabularies may be used to populate the authority.
For
the proper names of geographic places, control terminology with the PLACE/LOCATION
AUTHORITY. Display the names of the places with broader contexts as described
in PLACE/LOCATION AUTHORITY - QUALIFIER.
See the authority for recommendations regarding which published vocabularies
may be used to populate the authority.
RELATED
CATEGORIES and ACCESS
Record
the discovery location of the work in CONTEXT - ARCHAEOLOGICAL - DISCOVERY/EXCAVATION
PLACE. If the placement of the work is not an issue and if the geographic
location may not be captured in any other subcategory, record miscellaneous
former locations in CONTEXT - HISTORICAL LOCATION. Record the current
or last known location of the work in CURRENT LOCATION. Record locations
associated with owners of the work in OWNERSHIP/COLLECTING HISTORY - PLACE.
Record the
locations of exhibitions in EXHIBITION/LOAN HISTORY - VENUE.Some
institutions may wish to catalog the built work as a separate Object/Work
in its own right, in addition to including a brief record for it in the
SUBJECT AUTHORITY; the records for the two Object/Works may then be linked
as RELATED WORKS, if appropriate.
17.2.2. Part/Placement
Context
DEFINITION
A
term referring to the particularlocation of a work of art or architectural
element within a particular building or site, including its relative position
in relation to the viewer and to other elements of the building or site.It may also refer to the part of a building or site in which a work figured
or its placement on the work.
EXAMPLES
west
pediment
chapel
high altar
nave
railing medallion
eye
level
above eye level
left of doorway
pediment
main façade
center of rose window
first landing of main stairway
facing east
tilted at a five-degree angle
DISCUSSION and GUIDELINES
Optional: Record a generic term or phrase referring to a
specific location within a building, building complex, or site where a
work of art existed. If the part of the building has a specific names,
such as the Chigi Chapel in Santa Maria del Popolo, Rome, record
it in the SUBJECT AUTHORITY and link it through the CONTEXT - BUILDING/SITE
subcategory discussed above. Note:
If you are cataloging
built works as works in their own right, generally do not make references
to whole/part relationships in CONTEXT. Instead, create a separate catalog
record for the part and link it to the whole in RELATED
WORKS (e.g., between the dome of St. Peter's and the basilica of
St. Peter's in Rome).
Form
and syntax
Generally record the singular form of the term; record a plural term when
appropriate. Record the term in lower case except where the term includes
a proper noun or is otherwise capitalized in the source controlled vocabulary.
Avoid abbreviations. Record terms in natural word order, not inverted.
Do not use punctuation, except hyphens, as required.
TERMINOLOGY/FORMAT
Controlled
list: Control this subcategory with an extensible controlled
list. Use terms derived from the AAT (Object
Groupings and Systems, Components, Settlements and Landscapes, Built Complexes
and Districts, Single Built Works, Open Spaces and Site Elements, Furnishings,
and Attributes
and Properties hierarchy) and other published controlled
vocabularies where possible.
17.2.3. Architectural
Context Date
DEFINITION
The date or range of dates when a work figured in a particular architectural
context.
EXAMPLES
ca.
600-580 BCE
from ca. 1320
before 1952
11th century
Christmas 1682
DISCUSSION
and GUIDELINES
Optional: Record a year, a span of years, or a phrase that
describes the specific or approximate date when the work was
associated with the architectural context. Since dates may
be approximate, indications of nuance and certainty should
be expressed, as necessary.
Form and syntax
Follow rules for display date in CREATION - CREATION DATE.
Use
this subcategory when the date of the association of the work with the
architectural context does not directly correspond to the creation date
of the architectural work (e.g., as when a work is associated with the
architectural work during a time after the creation of the architectural
work). Note that the creation dates for the architectural work itself
will be recorded in the so-called SUBJECT AUTHORITY and/or in a separate
Object/Work record for the architectural work.
Follow
rules for syntax and form as stated in CONTEXT - EVENTS - DATES above.
TERMINOLOGY/FORMAT
Free-text: This is not a controlled field. Maintain consistent
capitalization, punctuation, and syntax where possible. Index the dates
in the controlled EARLIEST and LATEST DATE subcategories.
17.2.3.1. Earliest
Date
DEFINITION
The
earliest possible date during which the work figured
in a particular architectural context.
EXAMPLES
-650
1900
1682-12-25
DISCUSSION
and GUIDELINES
Optional: Record the earliest year when the work was associated
with the architectural context. A precise day, month, and year may be
recorded, if appropriate. Note that the dates for the creation of the
architectural work itself are recorded in the so-called SUBJECT AUTHORITY
and/or in a separate Object/Work record for the architectural work, and
do not need to be repeated here.
Form and syntax
Always record years in the proleptic Gregorian calendar in
the indexing dates fields. You may record the precise day
and month, if pertinent. Use the following syntax: YYYY-MM-DD
(year, month, day, separated by dashes), if possible. (The
standards suggest alternate possibilities: you may use an
alternative syntax if you are consistent and it is compliant
with the standards.) It is optional to record EARLIEST DATE;
however, if you record a value here, you must also record
LATEST DATE. For other rules, see CREATION - CREATION DATE
- EARLIEST DATE.
TERMINOLOGY/FORMAT
Controlled format: Date information must be formatted consistently
to allow retrieval. Local rules should be in place. Suggested formats
are available in the ISO Standard and W3 XML Schema Part 2.
ISO 8601:2004 Representation of dates and times. International Organization
for Standardization. Data Elements and Interchange Formats. Information
Interchange. Representation of Dates and Times. Geneva, Switzerland:
International Organization for Standardization, 2004.
XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes, 2001. www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/.
17.2.3.2. Latest
Date
DEFINITION
The
latest possible date during which the work figured
in a particular architectural context.
EXAMPLES
-580
1952
1682-12-25
DISCUSSION
and GUIDELINES
Optional: Record the latest year when the work was associated
with the architectural context. You may record a specific day, month,
and year, if appropriate. If the architectural placement is still relevant,
record 9999. Note that the dates for the creation of the architectural
work itself are recorded in the so-called SUBJECT AUTHORITY and/or in
a separate Object/Work record for the architectural work, and do not need
to be repeated here.
Form and syntax
Always record years in the proleptic Gregorian calendar in
the indexing dates fields. You may record the precise day
and month, if pertinent. Use the following syntax: YYYY-MM-DD
(year, month, day, separated by dashes), if possible. (The
standards suggest alternate possibilities: you may use an
alternative syntax if you are consistent and it is compliant
with the standards.) It is optional to record LATEST DATE;
however, if you record a value here, you must also record
EARLIEST DATE. For other rules, see CREATION - CREATION DATE
- LATEST DATE.
TERMINOLOGY/FORMAT
Controlled format: Date information must be formatted consistently
to allow retrieval. Local rules should be in place. Suggested formats
are available in the ISO Standard and W3 XML Schema Part 2.
ISO 8601:2004 Representation of dates and times. International Organization
for Standardization. Data Elements and Interchange Formats. Information
Interchange. Representation of Dates and Times. Geneva, Switzerland:
International Organization for Standardization, 2004.
XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes, 2001. www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/.
17.3. Archaeological
Context
DEFINITION
A description of the
circumstances in which a work of art or architecture was excavated or
discovered.
EXAMPLES
[for
a Roman statue]
Found at Tivoli in 1790 or 1791 in the ruins of the villa of the
emperor Hadrian. [Figure
5]
[for a mosaic]
Found in Gaul. [Figure
26]
[for
a mask]
Probably found in North Africa.
[for an Iron Age scabbard and sheath found in Flag Fen, near
Lake Northey, Essex, England]
...For centuries Flag Fen's inhabitants cast offerings of metal weapons
and tools, and even human bones, into the fen's dark waters, perhaps to
insure fertility or appease ancestors who protected their lands. The offerings
were deliberately broken, ceremonially "killed," before being
cast into the water, a well-known Celtic practice...Within the trench
are four walkways dating from 1300 to 900 BCE. These narrow pathways are
delineated by the remains of substantial posts, and are covered with a
thin layer of gravel. Between two of these posts Pryor found the well-preserved
fragments of an Iron Age scabbard made of copper alloy. The sheath, which
dates to between fifth and second centuries BC, has a front plate incised
with spiral-like circles--perhaps a schematic rendering of a Celtic dragon,
a motif found on a Hungarian dagger dated to ca. 300 BCE...[5]
DISCUSSION
and GUIDELINES
Optional: Record
a description of where and how a work of art or architecture was
discovered or excavated. If this information is discussed
in the DESCRIPTIVE NOTE, it need not be repeated here, but it should be
indexed in DISCOVERY/EXCAVATION PLACE and other subcategories below.
Express
nuance and uncertainty as necessary. Note that information about the excavation
of a work may be very detailed and scientific, as is the case with modern
excavation reports, or it may be general and uncertain, as is the case
with works excavated in the Renaissance.
Form and syntax
Use natural word order. You may use phrases or complete sentences, but
always begin the note with a capital letter and end it with a period.
Use sentence case (not all capitals or title case). Capitalize proper
names. Avoid abbreviations. Write the note in the language of the catalog
record (English in the United States). Names and other words in foreign
languages may be used within the note when there is no commonly used English
equivalent. Use diacritics as appropriate.
TERMINOLOGY/FORMAT
Free text: This is not a controlled field, however the
use of consistent terminology is recommended for clarity. Index the place
in DISCOVERY/EXCAVATION PLACE, discussed below.
17.3.1. Discovery/Excavation
Place
DEFINITION
The
geographic location where the work was excavated or discovered, including
an identification of the site or plot, if known.
EXAMPLES
-
Flag Fen (Essex, England)
- Villa
of the Mysteries(Pompeii, Napoli province, Campania,
Italy)
- Teotihuacán (México state, México)
- Great Zimbabwe Ruins National Park (Victoria, Zimbabwe)
- Heliopolis (Cairo governorate, Egypt)
- Cyprus (Asia)
DISCUSSION
and GUIDELINES
Optional: Record the geographic place where the work was
discovered or excavated. Express nuance and uncertainty regarding the
place in the free-text CONTEXT - ARCHAEOLOGICAL or the DESCRIPTIVE NOTE.
Specificity
Record the most specific site known or applicable. Generally, the city
or a more specific part of the site should be recorded. Any site or part
of a site that has a proper name should be recorded and linked through
the PLACE/LOCATION AUTHORITY (e.g., Villa
of the Mysteries(Pompeii, Napoli province, Campania,
Italy)). For sectors, plots, and other divisions that
are typically identified by numeric or alpha-numeric codes (e.g., A-456-01
or hill
78-098), they may be recorded in one of two possible
ways: 1) the numeric and alphanumeric codes may be recorded in the PLACE/LOCATION
AUTHORITY as hierarchically "part of" the site; 2) the numeric
and alphanumeric codes may be recorded with the object/work in EXCAVATION
SITE SECTOR, discussed below. Either method is acceptable, provided it
is applied consistently within the cataloging institution.
Form
and syntax
Capitalize all proper names, including the names of villages, towns, cities,
provinces, states, nations, empires, kingdoms, and physical features (e.g.,
Agroha (Haryana state, India)). If a name includes an article or
preposition (e.g. de, des, la, l'), generally use lower case except
when it is the first word in the name (e.g., Aire-sur-la-Lys (Nord-Pas-de-Calais,
France), but La Chapelle (Louisiana, USA)). Avoid abbreviations.
For detailed guidelines regarding the format and syntax of place names,
see the CURRENT LOCATION category and the PLACE/LOCATION AUTHORITY.
TERMINOLOGY/FORMAT
Authority: Control this subcategory with the
PLACE/LOCATION AUTHORITY, which can be populated with terminology
from the following controlled vocabularies and others as necessary:
TGN, NGA (NIMA) and USGS, Canadiana Authorities, LC Name Authorities
and LCSH. Display the name with broader contexts, as described
in the PLACE/LOCATION AUTHORITY.
RELATED
CATEGORIES and ACCESS
If
a work was installed in a particular building or part of a building, record
it in CONTEXT - ARCHITECTURAL - PART/PLACEMENT. Record the place of creation
in CREATION - PLACE.
Note that the
place where a work was found does not necessarily indicate where it was
made.
17.3.2. Excavation Site
Sector
DEFINITION
The
name, number, or other identifier assigned to the site where the work
was excavated, and the square
or other subdivision of the site where a work was excavated.
EXAMPLES
#
125
B2-3456, HOB sector
hill 78-098
trench A-66
DISCUSSION
and GUIDELINES
Optional: Identify
the code, number, or name of the specific site, square, or other sector
where the work was found. In general, use lower case except when the code
contains abbreviations expressed as capital letters.
Form and syntax
For sectors, plots, and other divisions that are typically
identified by numeric or alpha-numeric codes (e.g., A-456-01
or hill 78-098), they may be recorded in one of
two possible ways: 1) the numeric and alphanumeric codes may
be recorded in the PLACE/LOCATION AUTHORITY as hierarchically
"part of" the site; 2) the numeric and alphanumeric
codes may be recorded with the object/work here in this subcategory.
Either method is acceptable, provided it is applied consistently
within the cataloging institution.
TERMINOLOGY/FORMAT
Free-text:
This is not a controlled field. Maintain consistent capitalization,
punctuation, and syntax where possible. Institutions that require retrieval
on this information should control it by linking to the PLACE/LOCATION
AUTHORITY (i.e., make the site name and sector name or number hierarchically
a part of the broader geographic place).
17.3.3. Excavator
DEFINITION
The
name of the person or corporate body that excavated the work.
EXAMPLES
- Hawass, Zahi (Egyptian archaeologist,
born 1947)
- George Edward Herbert, 5th Earl of Carnarvon (English
aristocrat and archaeologist, 1866-1923)
- Anthropology Department, Indiana University (Bloomington,
Indiana, USA)
DISCUSSION
and GUIDELINES
Optional:
Record the name and institutional affiliation of the person or
corporate body who excavated the site. While a full name should be available
for modern excavators, the names of historical excavators may not be known.
Form
and syntax
Capitalize all proper names. If a name includes an article or preposition
(e.g. de, des, la, l'), generally use lower case except when it
is the first word in the name. Avoid abbreviations. Display the name in
natural order (rather than inverted order), if possible. For detailed
guidelines regarding the format and syntax of names, see the CREATION
- CREATOR subcategories and the PERSON/CORPORATE BODY AUTHORITY.
TERMINOLOGY/FORMAT
Authority: Control this subcategory with the
PERSON/CORPORATE BODY AUTHORITY. Populate the authority with
Canadiana Authorities, LC Name Authorities, and other sources
as appropriate. Display the name with the PERSON/CORPORATE
BODY AUTHORITY - DISPLAY BIOGRAPHY (typically the person's
nationality, life roles, and life dates).
17.3.4. Discovery/Excavation
Date
DEFINITION
The
date or
range
of dates when the work was discovered or excavated.
EXAMPLES
1993
12 December 1991
May 1970
before 1952
between 1700 and 1798
19th century
DISCUSSION and GUIDELINES
Optional: Record
a year, a span of years, or a phrase that describes the specific or approximate
date when the work was
excavated. Include indications of nuance and certainty should
be expressed, as necessary. See CREATION - DATE for additional rules.
Form and syntax
Follow rules for display dates in CREATION - CREATION DATE..
TERMINOLOGY/FORMAT
Free-text: This is not a controlled field. Maintain consistent
capitalization, punctuation, and syntax where possible. Index the dates
in the controlled EARLIEST and LATEST DATE subcategories.
17.3.4.1. Earliest
Date
DEFINITION
The
earliest possible date when the work was discovered or excavated.
EXAMPLES
1492
1789
-312
1831-05-30
DISCUSSION
and GUIDELINES
Optional: Record the earliest year when the work was discovered
or excavated.
Form and syntax
Always record years in the proleptic Gregorian calendar in
the indexing dates fields. You may record the precise day
and month, if pertinent. Use the following syntax: YYYY-MM-DD
(year, month, day, separated by dashes), if possible. (The
standards suggest alternate possibilities: you may use an
alternative syntax if you are consistent and it is compliant
with the standards.) It is optional to record EARLIEST DATE;
however, if you record a value here, you must also record
LATEST DATE. For other rules, see CREATION - CREATION DATE
- EARLIEST DATE.
TERMINOLOGY/FORMAT
Controlled format: Date information must be formatted consistently
to allow retrieval. Local rules should be in place. Suggested formats
are available in the ISO Standard and W3 XML Schema Part 2.
ISO 8601:2004 Representation of dates and times. International Organization
for Standardization. Data Elements and Interchange Formats. Information
Interchange. Representation of Dates and Times. Geneva, Switzerland:
International Organization for Standardization, 2004.
XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes, 2001. www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/.
17.3.4.2. Latest Date
DEFINITION
The latest possible date when the work was discovered or excavated.
EXAMPLES
1510
1799
-312
1831-05-30
DISCUSSION
and GUIDELINES
Optional: Record the latest year when the work was associated
with the architectural context. If the event is still going
on, record 9999.
Form and syntax
Always record years in the proleptic Gregorian calendar in
the indexing dates fields. You may record the precise day
and month, if pertinent. Use the following syntax: YYYY-MM-DD
(year, month, day, separated by dashes), if possible. (The
standards suggest alternate possibilities: you may use an
alternative syntax if you are consistent and it is compliant
with the standards.) It is optional to record LATEST DATE;
however, if you record a value here, you must also record
EARLIEST DATE. For other rules, see CREATION - CREATION DATE
- LATEST DATE.
TERMINOLOGY/FORMAT
Controlled format: Date information must be formatted consistently
to allow retrieval. Local rules should be in place. Suggested formats
are available in the ISO Standard and W3 XML Schema Part 2.
ISO 8601:2004 Representation of dates and times. International Organization
for Standardization. Data Elements and Interchange Formats. Information
Interchange. Representation of Dates and Times. Geneva, Switzerland:
International Organization for Standardization, 2004.
XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes, 2001. www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/.
17.4. Historical
Location Context
DEFINITION
A description of an historical context for the work that is not recorded
in another Place or Location subcategory in the record.
EXAMPLES
[for
a missal]
Based on contemporary contract documents, was probably copied while in Flanders in 1412.
DISCUSSION
and GUIDELINES
Optional: Record
a description of activities or circumstances surrounding the object while it was in a given place, when this place is not recorded elsewhere in the record. If this information is discussed
in the DESCRIPTIVE NOTE, it need not be repeated here, but should be indexed with the subcategories listed below.
Express
nuance and uncertainty as necessary.
Form and syntax
Use natural word order. You may use phrases or complete sentences, but
always begin the note with a capital letter and end it with a period.
Use sentence case (not all capitals or title case). Capitalize proper
names. Avoid abbreviations. Write the note in the language of the catalog
record (English in the United States). Names and other words in foreign
languages may be used within the note when there is no commonly used English
equivalent. Use diacritics as appropriate.
TERMINOLOGY/FORMAT
Free text: This is not a controlled field, however the
use of consistent terminology is recommended.
17.4.1. Historical
Location Place
DEFINITION
A
location that provides historical context for the work but is not recorded
in another Place or Location subcategory in the record.
EXAMPLES
Alfdanga (Dhaka, Bangladesh)
Moscow (Russia)
Flanders
DISCUSSION
and GUIDELINES
Optional:
Record the name of the geographic place that provided historical
context for the work. Use historical names when appropriate. Use this
subcategory to record only those places that provide historical context
that cannot be recorded in any other Location or Place subcategory in
the Object/Work record.
Express
nuance and uncertainty regarding the place in the DESCRIPTIVE NOTE.
Form
and syntax
Capitalize all proper names, including the names of villages, towns, cities,
provinces, states, nations, empires, kingdoms, and physical features (e.g.,
Agroha (Haryana state, India)). If a name includes an article or
preposition (e.g. de, des, la, l'), generally use lower case except
when it is the first word in the name (e.g., Aire-sur-la-Lys (Nord-Pas-de-Calais,
France), but La Chapelle (Louisiana, USA)). Avoid abbreviations.
For detailed guidelines regarding the format and syntax of place names,
see the CURRENT LOCATION category and the PLACE/LOCATION AUTHORITY.
TERMINOLOGY/FORMAT
Authority: Control this subcategory with the
PLACE/LOCATION AUTHORITY, which can be populated with terminology
from the following published sources, and others as necessary:
TGN, NGA (NIMA) and USGS, Canadiana Authorities, LC Name Authorities
and LCSH.
RELATED
CATEGORIES and ACCESS
Record
the place of creation in CREATION - PLACE. Record the current location
in CURRENT LOCATION. Record places where the work was under previous ownership
in OWNERSHIP/COLLECTING HISTORY - PLACE. Record places of exhibition,
conservation, or examination in EXHIBITION/LOAN HISTORY - VENUE NAME,
CONDITION/EXAMINATION HISTORY - PLACE, or CONSERVATION/TREATMENT HISTORY
- PLACE. Record places that are the subject of the work in SUBJECT
MATTER.
17.4.2. Historical Location
Date
DEFINITION
The
date or range of dates when the work was associated with the historical
location.
EXAMPLES
2001
23 October 1876
June 1943
before 1780
between 1632 and 1634
8th century BCE
DISCUSSION and GUIDELINES
Optional: Record a year, a span of years, or a phrase that
describes the specific or approximate date when the work was
associated with the location.. Express nuance and certainty,
as necessary.
Form and syntax
Follow rules for display date in CREATION - CREATION DATE.
TERMINOLOGY/FORMAT
Free-text: This is not a controlled field. Maintain consistent
capitalization, punctuation, and syntax where possible. Index the dates
in the controlled EARLIEST and LATEST DATE subcategories.
17.4.2.1. Earliest Date
DEFINITION
The
earliest possible date when the work was associated with the historical
location.
EXAMPLES
1632
-899
1876-10-23
DISCUSSION
and GUIDELINES
Optional: Record the earliest year when the work was associated
with the historical location.
Form and syntax
Always record years in the proleptic Gregorian calendar in
the indexing dates fields. You may record the precise day
and month, if pertinent. Use the following syntax: YYYY-MM-DD
(year, month, day, separated by dashes), if possible. (The
standards suggest alternate possibilities: you may use an
alternative syntax if you are consistent and it is compliant
with the standards.) It is optional to record EARLIEST DATE;
however, if you record a value here, you must also record
LATEST DATE. For other rules, see CREATION - CREATION DATE
- EARLIEST DATE.
TERMINOLOGY/FORMAT
Controlled format: Date information must be formatted consistently
to allow retrieval. Local rules should be in place. Suggested formats
are available in the ISO Standard and W3 XML Schema Part 2.
ISO 8601:2004 Representation of dates and times. International Organization
for Standardization. Data Elements and Interchange Formats. Information
Interchange. Representation of Dates and Times. Geneva, Switzerland:
International Organization for Standardization, 2004.
XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes, 2001. www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/.
17.4.2.2. Latest Date
DEFINITION
The latest possible date when
the work was associated with the historical location.
EXAMPLES
1510
1799
-312
1831-05-30
DISCUSSION
and GUIDELINES
Optional: Record the latest year when the work was associated
with the geographic context. If the place is still pertinent,
record 9999.
Form and syntax
Always record years in the proleptic Gregorian calendar in
the indexing dates fields. You may record the precise day
and month, if pertinent. Use the following syntax: YYYY-MM-DD
(year, month, day, separated by dashes), if possible. (The
standards suggest alternate possibilities: you may use an
alternative syntax if you are consistent and it is compliant
with the standards.) It is optional to record LATEST DATE;
however, if you record a value here, you must also record
EARLIEST DATE. For other rules, see CREATION - CREATION DATE
- LATEST DATE.
TERMINOLOGY/FORMAT
Controlled format: Date information must be formatted consistently
to allow retrieval. Local rules should be in place. Suggested formats
are available in the ISO Standard and W3 XML Schema Part 2.
ISO 8601:2004 Representation of dates and times. International Organization
for Standardization. Data Elements and Interchange Formats. Information
Interchange. Representation of Dates and Times. Geneva, Switzerland:
International Organization for Standardization, 2004.
XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes, 2001. www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/.
17.5. Remarks
DEFINITION
Additional notes or comments pertinent to information in this category.
DISCUSSION and GUIDELINES
Optional: Record a note containing additional
information or comments on this category. Use consistent syntax
and format. For rules regarding writing notes, see DESCRIPTIVE
NOTE.
FORMAT/TERMINOLOGY
Free-text: This is not a controlled field.
Use consistent syntax and format.
17.6. Citations
DEFINITION
A reference to a bibliographic source, unpublished document, or individual
opinion that provides the basis for the information recorded
in this category.
DISCUSSION and GUIDELINES
Optional: Record the source used for information
in this category. For a full set of rules for CITATIONS, see
RELATED TEXTUAL REFERENCES - CITATIONS.
TERMINOLOGY/FORMAT
Authority: Ideally, this information is controlled
by citations in the citations authority; see RELATED TEXTUAL
REFERENCES.
17.6.1. Page
DEFINITION
Page number, volume, date accessed for Web sites, and any
other information indicating where in the source the information
was found.
DISCUSSION and GUIDELINES
Optional: For a full set of rules for PAGE,
see RELATED TEXTUAL REFERENCES - CITATIONS - PAGE.
FORMAT/TERMINOLOGY
Free-text: This is not a controlled field.
Use consistent syntax and format.
EXAMPLES
[competition "event" for a design drawing]
Event Identification: Vietnam Veterans Memorial Competition
Date: 1980
Agent: Vietnam Veterans Memorial Fund (VVMF)
[original architectural placement for a sculpture]
Building/Site: Rajarani Temple (Bhuvanesvara, Orissa,
India)
Part/Placement: exterior wall
[for excavated pottery]
Discovery/Excavation Place: Northeast Building (Upper
Agora, Ephesus, Turkey)
Discovery/Excavation Date: 1996-2001
Excavator: Sagalassos Archaeological Research Project
(Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Belgium)
NOTE: The outline numbers are subject to change; they are
intended only to organize this document.
Revised 14 June 2017
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