ID: 700008997 Page link: http://vocab.getty.edu/page/cona/700008997	Record Type: Movable Work
Images: 1

Kṣitigarbha and the Ten Kings with a Pure Land (painting (visual work); unknown Chinese; ca. 10th century; Musée Guimet (Paris, Île-de-France, France); EO 3580; )

Note: From Mogao Grottoes Cave 17, Dunhuang, Gansu Province. This compound composition synthesizes two distinct but interconnected visions of Buddhist rebirth. Though the cartouches in the bottom scene are uninscribed, the iconography is that of the bodhisattva Ksitigarbha (Chinese Dizang). One of the “eight great bodhisattvas” and an intercessor for the dead, he was isolated for worship across medieval East Asia. Emanating from Ksitigarbha’s aureole are the Six Paths, the realms into which unawakened beings are reborn. A canonical model of the Six Paths consists of hell, hungry ghosts, animals, humans, demigods (Sanskrit asura), and devas, orgods. Surrounding him below are the Ten Kings, the judges of purgatory. The upper scene depicts a paradise in which a central seated buddha, possibly Śākyamuni or Amitābha, makes the dharmacakra mudra (gesture of teaching) before an assembly of bodhisattvas, disciples, guardian kings, and musicians. Ksitigarbha is depicted significantly larger than the buddha, a deviation from standard hierarchical scale that indicates he is the focus of devotion.

Titles:

Kṣitigarbha and the Ten Kings with a Pure Land (preferred,C,U,DE,English-P,U,U)

地藏菩薩十王與淨土圖 (C,U,Chinese,U,U)

Catalog Level: item

Work Types:

painting (visual work) [300033618] (preferred)

..... (Objects Facet, Visual and Verbal Communication (hierarchy name), Visual Works (hierarchy name), visual works (works), <visual works by material or technique>)

Classifications:

paintings (preferred)

Creation Date: ca. 10th century

Creator Display:

unknown Chinese [preferred]

artists unknown Chinese (Chinese cultural designation) [500125222]

Locations:

Other: Discovery: Qianfodong [7029798] Gansu province (province), China (nation), Asia (continent), World (facet) (Geographic)

Current: Musée Guimet (Paris, Île-de-France, France) [500275906] Corporate Bodies (Corp. Body)

Repository Numbers: EO 3580

Display Materials: Ink and pigments on hemp textile

	ink [300015012]
	.......(Materials Facet, Materials (hierarchy name), materials (substances), <materials by function>, coating (material), <coating by form>)

	pigments [300013109]
	.......(Materials Facet, Materials (hierarchy name), materials (substances), <materials by function>, colorant (material))

	hemp (fiber) [300014043]
	.......(Materials Facet, Materials (hierarchy name), materials (substances), <materials by form>, <materials by physical form>, <fiber and fiber by product>, fiber, natural fiber, plant fiber)

Dimensions: 128 × 69 cm (503⁄8 × 27 3⁄16 in.)

Cultures:

Chinese (preferred)

General Subject:

religion and mythology (preferred)

Specific Subjects:

	Ksitigarbha [901001850]
	.....((Buddhist characters, Buddhist iconography, Legend, Religion, Mythology)) (ICON)

	rebirth [300073437]
	.....(Associated Concepts Facet, Associated Concepts (hierarchy name), <religions and religious concepts>, religious concepts, doctrinal concepts) (AAT)

	Ten Kings [901001373]
	.....((Buddhist narratives, Buddhist iconography, Legend, Religion, Mythology)) (ICON)

	pure land [300404618]
	.....(Associated Concepts Facet, Associated Concepts (hierarchy name), <religions and religious concepts>, religious concepts, doctrinal concepts, Buddhist doctrinal concepts) (AAT)

	Six Paths of Rebirth [901001374]
	.....((Buddhist allegory, symbolism, theme, Buddhist iconography, Legend, Religion, Mythology)) (ICON)

Related Works:

	former location was .... Mogao Cave 17 [700008877]
	..........rock-cut temple; N/A; begun 9th century

List/Hierarchical Position:

..... Movable Works

.......... Movable Works by class: drawings, paintings, prints, other two-dimensional media

............... Works at Mogao

Sources and Contributors:
Kṣitigarbha and the Ten Kings with a Pure Land	........ [VP]
	........ Agnew, Reed, Ball, Cave Temples of Dunhuang (2016) Cat 19
地藏菩薩十王與淨土圖	........ [VP]
	........ Agnew, Reed, Ball, Cave Temples of Dunhuang (2016)

Subject: ....... [VP]

....................... Agnew, Reed, Ball, Cave Temples of Dunhuang (2016) Cat 19

Note:
English	..... [VP]
	..... Agnew, Reed, Ball, Cave Temples of Dunhuang (2016) Cat 19