Note: Located at the point where the Roer River flows into the Maas. Count Gerard van Gelre founded a Cistercian abbey in 1218. Granted a charter n 124. Fell to Spain and later to Austria after the Eighty Years War. Part of the Kingdom of the United Netherlands since 1815. Site of a the bishopric of Roermond was founded in 1559, abolished in 1801, and re-established in 1853.