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ID: 1000070
Page Link: http://vocab.getty.edu/page/tgn/1000070

 

Record Type: administrative
Hierarchy of France (nation)  France (nation)

Coordinates:
Lat: 46 00 00 N  degrees minutes   Lat: 46.0000  decimal degrees
Long: 002 00 00 E  degrees minutes   Long: 2.0000  decimal degrees

Note: Area inhabited by Lower Paleolithic; Celt-speaking Gauls dominated by 5th century BCE; part of Roman Empire 125 BCE-5th century, then under Frankish influence; lost land to England 12th-16th centuries; monarchy fell in Revolution 1792; recurring expansion 16-19th centuries; official language is French, though Provençal, Breton, Flemish, Catalan, Corsican, Basque, and Germanic regional patois are also spoken.

Names:
France (preferred,C,V,English-P,U,N)
France (Nauruan)
France (Oromo)
France (Afar)
France (French-P,U,N)
France (Friulian)
France (Pampanga)
France (Shona)
France (Southern Sotho)
France (Arpitan)
République française (C,V,O,French,U,N)
République Française (C,V,French,U,N)
French Republic (C,O,English,U,N)
Francia (C,O,Ilocano)
Francia (Latin)
Francia (Spanish-P,U,N)
Francia (Asturian)
Francia (Corsican)
Francia (Galician)
Francia (Italian-P,U,N)
Francia (Sicilian)
Francia (Ido)
Francia (Interlingua (International Auxiliary Language Association))
República Francesa (C,V,Spanish,U)
Frankreich (C,O,German-P,U,N)
Frankreich (Bavarian)
Frankrijk (C,O,Dutch-P,U,N)
França (C,O,Portuguese-P,U,N)
França (Catalan)
França (Occitan)
Франция (C,V,Uzbek)
Франция (Kazakh)
Франция (Bulgarian)
Франция (Russian-P,U)
Франция (Udmurt)
Французская Республика (C,V,Russian,U)
法国 (C,V,Chinese-P,U)
法兰西共和国 (C,V,Chinese,U)
فروسا (C,V,Arabic-P,U)
الجهور ةًا فًروس ةَ (C,V,Arabic,U)
FRA (C,O,ISO3L)
FR (C,O,ISO2L,French,U)
ISO250 (C,O,ISO3N)
French (C,O,English,U,A)
Française, République (C,V,French,U)
France, Republic of (C,V)
Republic of France (C,V)
צרפת (C,U,Hebrew )
An Fhrainc (C,U,Irish Gaelic)
An Fhraing (C,U,Scots Gaelic)
Bro-C'hall (C,U,Breton)
Bufalansa (C,U,Ganda (Ugandan language))
Falanisē (C,U,Tonga (Tonga Islands))
Falánsɛ (C,U,Lingala)
Falansia (C,U,Lingala)
Farāni (C,U,Tahitian)
Faransa (C,U,Hausa)
Faransi (C,U,Bambara)
Faransiis (C,U,Somali)
Faransiiska (C,U,Somali)
Farânzi (C,U,Sangho)
Farayse (C,U,Fulah)
fasygu'e (C,U)
Ffrainc (C,U,Welsh)
Frakkland (C,U,Icelandic)
Frakland (C,U,Faroese)
Franța (C,U,Romanian)
Franca (C,U,Albanian)
Francë (C,U,Albanian)
Francëjô (C,U,Kashubian)
Franchiya (C,U)
Franciaország (C,U,Magyar (Hungarian))
Francie (C,U,Czech)
Francija (C,U,Latvian)
Francija (Slovene)
Francio (C,U,Esperanto)
Francja (C,U,Polish)
Francja (Lombard)
Francland (C,U,Anglo-Saxon)
Francogallia (C,U,Latin)
Francoska (C,U,Upper Sorbian)
Francujo (C,U,Esperanto)
Francuska (C,U,Croatian)
Francuska (Bosnian)
Francúzsko (C,U,Slovak)
Frankräich (C,U,Luxembourgish)
Frankriek (C,U,Low German)
Frankriek (Limburgan)
Frankrig (C,U,Danish)
Frankrigi (C,U,Greenlandic)
Frankriika (C,U,Northern Sami)
Frankrike (C,U,Norwegian (Nynorsk))
Frankrike (Swedish)
Frankrike (Norwegian (Bokmål))
Frankrike (Norwegian)
Frankrish (C,U)
Frankryk (C,U,Afrikaans)
Frankryk (Western Frisian)
Frans (C,U,Haitian (Haitian Creole))
Frañs (C,U,Breton)
Fransa (C,U,Azerbaijani)
Fransa (Kurdish)
Fransa (Piemontese)
Fransa (Tetum)
Fransa (Turkish)
Fransän (C,U,Volapük)
Fransia (C,U,Ladino)
Fransia (Novial)
Fransiya (C,U,Quechuan)
Frans nutome (C,U,Ewe)
Fransya (C,U,Quechuan)
Fransya (Waray (Philippines))
Frantsa (C,U,Malagasy)
Frantscha (C,U,Romansh)
Frantza (C,U,Sardinian)
Frantzia (C,U,Basque)
Franza (C,U,Maltese)
Franzia (C,U,Aragonese)
Franzsa (C,U,Venetian)
Fraunce (C,U,Scots)
Frɛnkyeman (C,U,Akan)
Furansi (C,U,North Ndebele)
Huák-guók (C,U,Chinese, Min Dong)
i-France (C,U,Zulu)
Nfalanse (C,U,Luba-Katanga)
Orílẹ́ède Faranse (C,U,Yoruba)
Perancis (C,U,Indonesian)
Perancis (Malay (macrolanguage))
Pháp (C,U,Vietnamese)
Pow Frenk (C,U,Cornish)
Pow Frynk (C,U,Cornish)
Prancis (C,U,Indonesian)
Prancūzija (C,U,Lithuanian)
Pranis (C,U,Tok Pisin (Neomelanesian))
Pransiya (C,U,Cebuano)
Pransya (C,U,Tagalog)
Prantsusmaa (C,U,Estonian)
Ranska (C,U,Finnish)
Ubaranja (C,U,Kikuyu)
Ubufaransa (C,U,Rundi)
Ufaransa (C,U,Swahili (generic))
Vrankriek (C,U,Vlaams)
Yn Rank (C,U,Gaelic, indigenous Manx)
ፈረንሳይ (C,U,Tigrinya)
ፈረንሳይ (Amharic)
فرانسه (C,U,Pashto)
فرانسه (Persian-Farsi)
ফ্রান্স (C,U,Bengali)
Францыя (C,U,Belarusian)
Ֆրանսիա (C,U,Armenian)
فرانس (C,U,Urdu)
Γαλλία (C,U,Greek)
ཕརཱནསི (C,U,Dzongkha)
ಫ್ರಾನ್ಸ್ (C,U,Kannada)
ประเทศฝรั่งเศส (C,U,Thai)
프랑스 (C,U,Korean)
فرانسىيە (C,U,Uyghur)
ఫ్రాన్స్‌ (C,U,Telugu)
Француска (C,U,Serbian)
ܦܪܢܣܐ (C,U,Official Aramaic (700-300 BCE))
फ़्राँस (C,U,Hindi)
பிரான்ஸ் (C,U,Tamil)
ฝรั่งเศส (C,U,Thai)
ፈረንሣይ (C,U,Amharic)
फ्रान्स (C,U,Marathi)
फ्रान्स (Nepali)
फ्रांस (C,U,Sanskrit)
फ्रांस (Hindi)
फ्रांस (Kashmiri)
Фаронса (C,U,Tajik)
فرنسا (C,U,Arabic)
フランス (C,U,Japanese)
Франц (C,U,Mongolian)
Франц (Ossetian/Ossetic)
Франція (C,U,Ukrainian)
საფრანგეთი (C,U,Georgian)
ຝລັ່ງ (C,U,Lao)
ફ્રાઁસ (C,U,Gujarati)
ഫ്രാന്‍സ് (C,U,Malayalam)
فەڕەنسا (C,U,Central Kurdish)
Франц улс (C,U,Mongolian)
បារាំង (C,U,Khmer)
Франција (C,U,Macedonian)
Франци (C,U,Chuvash)
ފަރަންސޭސިވިލާތް (C,U,Maldivian (Divehi))
ফ্ৰান্স (C,U,Assamese)
ပြင်သစ် (C,U,Burmese)
फ़्रांस (C,U,Hindi)
ଫ୍ରାନ୍ସ (C,U,Odia)
ꃔꇩ (C,U)
ફ્રાંસ (C,U,Gujarati)
ප්‍රංශය (C,U,Sinhala)
フランス共和国 (C,U,Japanese)
ཕ་རཱན་སི། (C,U,Tibetan)
Gallia (H,V)  ............ Roman
Gaul (H,O)
Gaule (H,V)  ............ name may also be used to refer to ancient region larger than modern France

Hierarchical Position:
Hierarchy of World (facet)    World (facet)
Hierarchy of Europe (continent)  ....  Europe (continent) (P)
Hierarchy of France (nation)  ........  France (nation) (P)

Additional Parents:
Hierarchy of World (facet)    World (facet)
Hierarchy of Europe (continent)  ....  Europe (continent) (P)
Hierarchy of European Economic Area (zone)  ........  European Economic Area (zone) (P,U)
Hierarchy of France (nation)  ............  France (nation)
 
Hierarchy of World (facet)    World (facet)
Hierarchy of Europe (continent)  ....  Europe (continent) (P)
Hierarchy of European Union (union)  ........  European Union (union) (P)
Hierarchy of France (nation)  ............  France (nation) (P)

Place Types:
nation (preferred, C)  ............  independent since mid-9th cen., though boundaries have changed often
primary political unit (C)
independent political entity (C)
independent sovereign nation (C)
republic (C)  ............  first in 1792
empire (H)  ............  First Empire, 1804-1815; Second Empire, 1852-1870
monarchy (H)  ............  late 12th cen.-1792

Related geographic places:
capital is ....  Paris .......... (inhabited place)
..................  (World, Europe, France, Île-de-France) [7008038]
historical connection ....  Southern Netherlands .......... (historical region)
........................................  (World, Europe) [8711669]
member of ....  European Community .......... (association)
................  (World, Europe) [7000209]
member of ....  European Union .......... (union)
................  (World, Europe) [7030305]
................  since 1958
member of ....  Euro Zone .......... (union)
................  (World, Europe) [7033130]
member of ....  North Atlantic Treaty Organization .......... (organization)
................  (World) [7029610]
member of ....  United Nations .......... (organization)
................  (World) [7029605]
................  joined organization in 1945

Sources and Contributors:
Франция..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
.................  UNGEGN Working Paper 54 (2011) accessed 23 July 2013
Французская Республика..........  [VP]
.........................................  UNGEGN Working Paper 54 (2011) accessed 23 July 2013
法国..........  [VP]
...........  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
...........  UNGEGN Working Paper 54 (2011) accessed 23 July 2013
法兰西共和国..........  [VP]
.................  UNGEGN Working Paper 54 (2011) accessed 23 July 2013
فروسا..........  [VP]
..............  UNGEGN Working Paper 54 (2011) accessed 23 July 2013
الجهور ةًا فًروس ةَ..........  [VP]
...................................  UNGEGN Working Paper 54 (2011) accessed 23 July 2013
צרפת..........  [IMJ, VP]
...........  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
...........  Israel Museum Jerusalem contribution (n.d.)
ፈረንሳይ..........  [VP]
..............  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
فرانسه..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
ফ্রান্স..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
Францыя..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
Ֆրանսիա..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
فرانس..........  [VP]
..............  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
Γαλλία..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
ཕརཱནསི..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
ಫ್ರಾನ್ಸ್..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
ประเทศฝรั่งเศส..........  [VP]
.............................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
프랑스..........  [VP]
...........  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
فرانسىيە..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
ఫ్రాన్స్‌..........  [VP]
....................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
Француска..........  [VP]
....................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
ܦܪܢܣܐ..........  [VP]
..............  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
फ़्राँस..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
பிரான்ஸ்..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
ฝรั่งเศส..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
ፈረንሣይ..........  [VP]
..............  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
फ्रान्स..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
फ्रांस..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
Фаронса..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
فرنسا..........  [VP]
..............  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
フランス..........  [VP]
...........  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
Франц..........  [VP]
..............  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
Франція..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
საფრანგეთი..........  [VP]
.......................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
ຝລັ່ງ..........  [VP]
..............  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
ફ્રાઁસ..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
ഫ്രാന്‍സ്..........  [VP]
....................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
فەڕەنسا..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
Франц улс..........  [VP]
....................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
បារាំង..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
Франција..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
Франци..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
ފަރަންސޭސިވިލާތް..........  [VP]
.............................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
ফ্ৰান্স..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
ပြင်သစ်..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
फ़्रांस..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
ଫ୍ରାନ୍ସ..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
ꃔꇩ..........  [VP]
...........  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
ફ્રાંસ..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
ප්‍රංශය..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
フランス共和国..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
ཕ་རཱན་སི།..........  [VP]
....................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
An Fhrainc..........  [VP]
.......................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
An Fhraing..........  [VP]
.......................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
Bro-C'hall..........  [VP]
.......................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
Bufalansa..........  [VP]
....................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
Falanisē..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
Falánsɛ..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
Falansia..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
Farāni..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
Faransa..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
Faransi..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
Faransiis..........  [VP]
....................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
Faransiiska..........  [VP]
.......................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
Farânzi..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
Farayse..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
fasygu'e..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
Ffrainc..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
FR..........  [VP]
...........  ISO Country Codes (1996) 14
...........  NGA/NIMA database (2003-)
...........  NIMA, GNS ADM1 Codes (1999) FIPS; accessed 01/20/99
FRA..........  [VP]
...........  ISO Handbook (1988) 766
Frakkland..........  [VP]
....................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
Frakland..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
Franța..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
França..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
.................  Novo Dicionário Aurélio (1975) 652
Franca..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
Française, République..........  [VP]
......................................  NGA/NIMA database (2003-)
France..........  [BHA, FDA, GRISC Preferred, GRLPSC, IMJ Preferred, VP Preferred]
.................  Columbia Lippincott Gazetteer (1961)
.................  Encyclopaedia Britannica (1988) 9:423 ff.
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
.................  GRI Special Collections Finding Aids databases (2012-)
.................  Israel Museum Jerusalem contribution (n.d.)
.................  NGA/NIMA database (2003-)
.................  NIMA, GEOnet Names Server (1996-1998)
.................  Times Atlas of the World (1990) plates 67-72
.................  Times Concise Atlas of the World (1995) I-33
.................  UN Terminology Bulletin 345 (1993) 52
.................  Webster's Geographical Dictionary (1984)
Francë..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
Francëjô..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
France, Republic of..........  [VP]
...................................  NGA/NIMA database (2003-)
Franchiya..........  [VP]
....................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
Francia..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
.................  UN Terminology Bulletin 345 (1993) 52
Franciaország..........  [VP]
..........................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
Francie..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
Francija..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
Francio..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
Francja..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
Francland..........  [VP]
....................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
Francogallia..........  [VP]
.......................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
Francoska..........  [VP]
....................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
Francujo..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
Francuska..........  [VP]
....................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
Francúzsko..........  [VP]
.......................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
Frankräich..........  [VP]
.......................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
Frankreich..........  [VP]
.......................  Cassell's German Dictionary (1982) 228
.......................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
Frankriek..........  [VP]
....................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
Frankrig..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
Frankrigi..........  [VP]
....................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
Frankriika..........  [VP]
.......................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
Frankrijk..........  [VP]
....................  Engels Woordenboek (1987) II, 231
....................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
Frankrike..........  [VP]
....................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
Frankrish..........  [VP]
....................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
Frankryk..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
Frans..........  [VP]
..............  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
Frañs..........  [VP]
..............  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
Fransa..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
Fransän..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
Fransia..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
Fransiya..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
Frans nutome..........  [VP]
.......................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
Fransya..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
Frantsa..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
Frantscha..........  [VP]
....................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
Frantza..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
Frantzia..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
Franza..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
Franzia..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
Franzsa..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
Fraunce..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
French..........  [VP]
.................  UN Terminology Bulletin 347 (1997) 14
French Republic..........  [VP]
.............................  ISO Handbook (1988) 766
.............................  NGA/NIMA database (2003-)
Frɛnkyeman..........  [VP]
.......................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
Furansi..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
Gallia..........  [VP]
.................  Cambridge World Gazetteer (1990) 209-211
.................  Canby, Historic Places (1984) I, 308
.................  Times Atlas of World History (1993) 343
Gaul..........  [VP]
...........  Times Atlas of World History (1993) 343
...........  Webster's Geographical Dictionary (1988) 411-414
Gaule..........  [VP]
..............  Webster's Geographical Dictionary (1988) 411-414
Huák-guók..........  [VP]
....................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
i-France..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
ISO250..........  [VP]
.................  ISO Country Codes (1996) 14
Nfalanse..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
Orílẹ́ède Faranse..........  [VP]
................................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
Perancis..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
Pháp..........  [VP]
...........  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
Pow Frenk..........  [VP]
....................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
Pow Frynk..........  [VP]
....................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
Prancis..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
Prancūzija..........  [VP]
.......................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
Pranis..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
Pransiya..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
Pransya..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
Prantsusmaa..........  [VP]
.......................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
Ranska..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
República Francesa..........  [VP]
...................................  UNGEGN Working Paper 54 (2011) accessed 23 July 2013
Republic of France..........  [VP]
...................................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
...................................  NGA/NIMA database (2003-)
République française..........  [VP]
...................................  ISO Handbook (1988) 778
...................................  UNGEGN Working Paper 54 (2011) accessed 23 July 2013
République Française..........  [VP]
...................................  Britannica Book of the Year (1991) 596
...................................  Britannica Book of the Year (1993) 607
...................................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
...................................  NGA/NIMA database (2003-)
Ubaranja..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
Ubufaransa..........  [VP]
.......................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
Ufaransa..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
Vrankriek..........  [VP]
....................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
Yn Rank..........  [VP]
.................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
Subject: .....  [BHA, FDA, GRISC, GRLPSC, IMJ, VP]
..................  Britannica Book of the Year (1991) 596
..................  Britannica Book of the Year (1993) 607
..................  Cambridge World Gazetteer (1990) 209-211
..................  Canby, Historic Places (1984) I, 308
..................  Cassell's German Dictionary (1982) 228
..................  Columbia Lippincott Gazetteer (1961)
..................  Encyclopaedia Britannica (1988) XIX, 423 ff.; 9:423 ff.
..................  Engels Woordenboek (1987) II, 231
..................  GeoNames online [n.d.] 3017382
..................  ISO Country Codes (1996) 14
..................  ISO Handbook (1988) 766; 778
..................  Israel Museum Jerusalem contribution (n.d.)
..................  NGA/NIMA database (2003-) -1427981
..................  NIMA, GEOnet Names Server (1996-1998)
..................  NIMA, GNS ADM1 Codes (1999) accessed 01/20/99
..................  Novo Dicionário Aurélio (1975) 652
..................  Times Atlas of the World (1990) plates 67-72
..................  Times Atlas of World History (1993) 343
..................  Times Concise Atlas of the World (1995) I-33
..................  UN Terminology Bulletin 345 (1993) 52
..................  UN Terminology Bulletin 347 (1997) 14
..................  Webster's Geographical Dictionary (1984)
..................  Webster's Geographical Dictionary (1988) 411-414
..................  Wikipedia (2000-) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France
 
Note:
English .......... [VP]
..........  Encyclopedia Britannica Online (2002-2014)
..........  Encyclopedia of World History (1980)

 

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The J. Paul Getty Trust