Note: Originally a settlement in ca. 1085, ramparts were built around it in ca. 1200. It was granted a charter n 1417, and the as a university town in the 16th and 17th centuries, it was the cultural and scientific center of the province. The university, founded in 1585, once a stronghold of Friesian Calvinism, was closed in 1843.
icon to view the hierarchy.
