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voodoo dolls (binding figurines, dolls (figurines), ... Visual and Verbal Communication (hierarchy name)) |
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Note: Generic term that commonly refers to a broad class of anthropomorphic figurines or dolls, historically made of wax, clay, lead, and other material, used as focus entities to ritually bind social and supernatural enemies. Though these figurative objects have been anachronistically linked to colonial syncretic religions such as Haitian Vodou or Mississippi River Valley Voodoo, often through the dissemination of racist popular culture in the 19th through 21st centures, the dolls are not prominent features of any Vodun-based religions. Contemporary scholars specifically locate the false equvalence between these figurative objects and Vodu or Voodoo religions in the 19th century European misinterpretation of the Kongo power figure (ir nkisi nkondi). The objects that are vernacularly termed voodoo dolls, however, more accurately evidence a wide spectrum of defensive magic rituals employed by ancient Greco-Roman and Egyptian cultures, amongst others, to control evil forces. While evidence of these figurative objects was first documented around the 7th century BC, the use of these dolls is thought to have predated the Greco-Roman period and entered the European imagination as a cultural import from the East. Traditional treatment of dolls includes twisting, burning, melting, and otherwise manipulating their limbs into bound positions; piercing the objects with pins or nails; and enclosing the dolls within sealed boxes. For the figurative binding figures used in the Kongo tradition, use the term "minkondi." For a more precise reference to ancient Greco-Roman binding figures, use the term "kolossoi." For a less pejorative generic term for a wide range of anthropomorphic figures, use the term "binding figures."
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| Terms: |
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| voodoo dolls (preferred,C,U,English-P,D,U,PN)
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| voodoo doll (C,U,English,AD,U,SN)
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| dolls, voodoo (C,U,English,UF,U,N)
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| 巫毒娃娃 (C,U,Chinese (traditional)-P,D,U,U)
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| wū dú wá wá (C,U,Chinese (transliterated Hanyu Pinyin)-P,UF,U,U)
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| wu du wa wa (C,U,Chinese (transliterated Pinyin without tones)-P,UF,U,U)
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| wu tu wa wa (C,U,Chinese (transliterated Wade-Giles)-P,UF,U,U)
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| voodoopoppetjes (C,U,Dutch-P,D,U,U)
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| poupée vaudou (C,U,French-P,AD,U,FSN)
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| Voodoo-Puppen (C,U,German,D,PN)
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| Voodoo-Puppe (C,U,German-P,AD,SN)
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| bonecas vodu (C,U,Portuguese-P,D,U,FPN)
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| boneca vodu (C,U,Portuguese,AD,U,FSN)
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| Rachepuppe (C,U,German,AD,U,U)
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| figurine d' envoûtement (C,U,French,AD,U,U)
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Facet/Hierarchy Code: V.VC |
Hierarchical Position:
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Objects Facet |
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.... Visual and Verbal Communication (hierarchy name) (G) |
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........ Visual Works (hierarchy name) (G) |
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............ visual works (works) (G) |
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................ <visual works by material or technique> (G) |
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.................... sculpture (visual works) (G) |
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........................ <sculpture by subject type> (G) |
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............................ figurines (G) |
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................................ dolls (figurines) (G) |
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.................................... binding figurines (G) |
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........................................ voodoo dolls (G) |
Additional Notes: |
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| Chinese (traditional) ..... 做為施咒對象的人形或玩偶，尤指用於巫毒教者，亦指古希臘和其他地方的類似人偶。 |
| Dutch ..... Menselijke figuren of poppen die als richtpunt voor betoveringen en magische handelingen worden gebruikt, met name in de voodooreligie. Kan ook verwijzen naar soortgelijke beeldjes of poppen uit de oudheid die in Griekenland en elders zijn aangetroffen. |
| German ..... Menschliche Figur oder Puppe, die als Stellvertreter verwendet wird, um Zauber oder Magie auszuführen, besonders in der Voodoo-Religion, aber auch verwendet bei ähnlichen Figuren, die im alten Griechenland und anderswo gefunden wurden. |
| Portuguese ..... Figuras humanas ou bonecas usadas como entidades para fazer feitiços e magias, particularmente na religião vodu, mas também usadas para se referir às figuras similares encontradas na Grécia Antiga e em outras regiões. |
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Sources and Contributors: |
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Subject: ..... |
[AASLH, AS-Academia Sinica, CHIN / RCIP, IfM-SMB-PK, RKD, AAT-Ned, VP, VP-intern] |
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AASLH data (2016-) |
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AAT-Ned (1994-) |
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Armitage, "Figural Ritural Magic," Materiality of Magic (2015) 85-101 |
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CHIN / RCIP translation (2016-) |
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Farone, Christopher A, "Binding and Burying the Forces of Evil," Classical Antiquity (1991) 165-205; 207-2020 |
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Frankfurter, "'Voodoo Doll,'" Arethusa (2020) 43-58 |
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Nomenclature database (2018-) http://nomenclature.info/nom/13180; scheme: Nomenclature-Objects |
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Nomenclature for Museum Cataloging / Nomenclature pour le catalogage translation project (2016-) |
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Portuguese Translation Intern Project (2020-) |
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