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Sawankhalok (Thai pottery styles, Thai (culture or style), ... Styles and Periods (hierarchy name)) |
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Note: Refers to the style of pottery developed from the compulsion to produce vast quantities of ceramics for export during the Ayutthaya period. These export wares included large dishes, bowls, vases, oil lamps, miniature elephants, spinning pulleys, plumb-weights, and roof tiles. Ceramics in this style can be divided into five types: celadon which describes high-fired stoneware covered with a natural feldspathic, wood-ash glaze, underglaze black, brown and pearl, brown, and white. Colors of these ceramics ranged from light green to olive green or blue green and from brown to pale honey or near-white. Pottery and ceramics in this style were predominantly plain and utilitarian but some pieces exhibited combed or incised patterns under the glaze.
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| Terms: |
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| Sawankhalok (preferred,C,U,English-P,D,U,A)
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| Sawankhalok (Spanish-P,D,U,U)
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| Sawankhalok (Dutch-P,D,U,U)
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| Sangkalok (C,U,English,UF,U,U)
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| Sawankalok (C,U,English,UF,U,U)
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| Sawankholok (C,U,English,UF,U,U)
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| Swankalok (C,U,English,UF,U,U)
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| 宋加洛 (C,U,Chinese (traditional)-P,D,U,U)
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| 撒灣加洛 (C,U,Chinese (traditional),UF,U,U)
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| sòng jiā luò (C,U,Chinese (transliterated Hanyu Pinyin)-P,UF,U,U)
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| song jia luo (C,U,Chinese (transliterated Pinyin without tones)-P,UF,U,U)
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| sung chia lo (C,U,Chinese (transliterated Wade-Giles)-P,UF,U,U)
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| סוונקלוק (C,U,Hebrew,D,A)
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Facet/Hierarchy Code: F.FL |
Hierarchical Position:
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Styles and Periods Facet |
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.... Styles and Periods (hierarchy name) (G) |
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........ <styles, periods, and cultures by region> (G) |
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............ Asian (G) |
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................ Southeast Asian (G) |
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.................... Thai (culture or style) (G) |
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........................ Thai pottery styles (G) |
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............................ Sawankhalok (G) |
Additional Notes: |
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| Chinese (traditional) ..... 指大城時代為因應外銷而大量生產的陶瓷風格。這些外銷的貨品包括：大型盤子、碗、花瓶、油燈、迷你大象、轉轤、鉛錘及屋瓦等。此風格的陶瓷又分為五種類型：以高火燒製的且上面覆有自然長石木灰釉的純青窯石陶器，稱為青瓷、未上釉的黑陶、褐色與珍珠色瓷器、棕瓷，以及白瓷。這些陶瓷的顏色包括：淡綠、橄欖綠、藍綠、棕、淡蜜色或接近白色的色彩。此風格的陶瓷多半相當簡單且實用，不過有些在瓷釉則會在釉料下呈現出梳刻或銘刻的圖案。 |
| Dutch ..... Verwijst naar de aardewerkstijl die ontstond doordat er grote hoeveelheden keramiek voor de export moesten worden geproduceerd tijdens de Ayutthaya-periode. De exportproducten bestonden onder andere uit grote schalen, kommen, vazen, olielampen, miniatuurolifanten, katrollen, loodgewichten en dakpannen. De keramiek van deze stijl kan worden verdeeld in vijf typen: celadon, op hoge temperatuur gebakken steengoed bedekt met een natuurlijk veldspaathoudend asglazuur, onderglazuur zwart, bruin en parelgrijs, bruin en wit. De kleuren van deze keramiek variëren van lichtgroen tot olijfgroen of blauwgroen, en van bruin tot licht-honingkleurig of gebroken wit. Aardewerk en keramiek in deze stijl was doorgaans eenvoudig en praktisch, maar sommige producten vertoonden gekamde of ingegrifte patronen onder het glazuur. |
| Spanish ..... Se refiere al estilo de cerámica desarrollado a partir de la exigencia de producir inmensas cantidades de cerámicas para la exportación durante el período Ayutthaya. Esta exportación de cerámica incluyó platos grandes, cuencos, jarrones, lámparas de aceite, elefantes en miniatura, poleas para hilar, pesos deplomo, azulejos de tejado. Las cerámicas en este estilo pueden ser divididas en cinco tipos: celadon que describe objetos de barro cocido cubiertos con un feldespato natural, barniz de ceniza de madera, barniz de fondo negro, castaño y perla, bronce,y blanco. Los colores de estas cerámicas iban desde verde claro a verde aceituna o verde azul y del castaño a miel pálido o casi blanco. La alfarería y cerámica en este estilo eran predominantemente simples y utilitarias pero algunas piezas muestran diseños peinados o incisos bajo el barniz. |
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Sources and Contributors: |
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| Sawankhalok............ |
[CDBP-SNPC Preferred, GCI Preferred, IMJ Preferred, RKD, AAT-Ned Preferred, VP Preferred] |
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Atlas van de aarde (1985) |
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AAT-Ned (1994-) |
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AATA database (2002-) 128521 checked 26 January 2012 |
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Fleming y Honour, Diccionario de Artes Decorativas (1987) 810 |
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Grove Dictionary of Art online (1999-2002) "Thailand: Ceramics" Accessed 7/27/00 |
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Honey, Ceramic Art of China (1954) 236 |
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Israel Museum Jerusalem contribution (n.d.) |
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Moes, Southeast Asian Ceramics (1975) 6 |
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Savage and Newman, Illustrated Dictionary of Ceramics (1974) 256 |
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Sorsby, Asian Export Ceramics (1974) TABC |
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