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ID: 300019126
Page Link: http://vocab.getty.edu/page/aat/300019126

 

Record Type: concept
Kulên (Angkorean styles, Angkorean, ... Styles and Periods (hierarchy name))

 

Note: Refers to the pre-Angkor style of the mid-ninth century generally evidenced by the temple complex of Sambor Prei Kuk. Temples in this style follow the Indian Gupta and post-Gupta plans and feature primarily brick construction, central sanctuaries, molded bases, walls divided into vertical panels by pilasters and ornamented with false doorways, niches, relief panels, and pyramidal towers that imitate in smaller scale the design of the main temple façade. The style is often distinguished by carved lintels that are supported by circular colonnettes and arched bands with floral patterns interspersed between circular medallions enclosing an image of a deity or sacred creature. The sculptural style also reveals strong early Hindu influences featuring multi-armed deities in the round, a strong sense of weight shift in large sculpture, scarcity of high relief sculpture, subtle stylized realism, austere garments and bodily adornments.
 
Terms:
Kulên (preferred,C,U,English-P,D,U,A)
Kulên (Spanish-P,D,U,U)
Kulên (Dutch-P,D,U,U)
Koulen (C,U,English,UF,U,U)
Phnom Kulên (C,U,English,UF,U,U)
酷朗 (C,U,Chinese (traditional)-P,D,U,U)
kù lǎng (C,U,Chinese (transliterated Hanyu Pinyin)-P,UF,U,U)
ku lang (C,U,Chinese (transliterated Pinyin without tones)-P,UF,U,U)
k'u lang (C,U,Chinese (transliterated Wade-Giles)-P,UF,U,U)

Facet/Hierarchy Code:  F.FL

Hierarchical Position:

Hierarchy of Styles and Periods Facet
Styles and Periods Facet
Hierarchy of Styles and Periods (hierarchy name)
.... Styles and Periods (hierarchy name) (G)
Hierarchy of <styles, periods, and cultures by region>
........ <styles, periods, and cultures by region> (G)
Hierarchy of Asian
............ Asian (G)
Hierarchy of Southeast Asian
................ Southeast Asian (G)
Hierarchy of Cambodian (culture or style)
.................... Cambodian (culture or style) (G)
Hierarchy of Angkorean
........................ Angkorean (G)
Hierarchy of Angkorean styles
............................ Angkorean styles (G)
Hierarchy of Kulên
................................ Kulên (G)

Additional Notes:
Chinese (traditional) ..... 酷朗是一種九世紀中的前吳哥風格,一般以薩姆波普利庫克寺(Sambor Prei Kuk)為此風格的代表。酷朗風格的廟宇遵循了印度笈多與後笈多風格,以磚造建築為主,並有中央的聖殿、模塑的底座、被壁柱分隔成許多垂直平面並裝飾著假門的壁面、神龕、浮雕板以及模仿大殿正面的縮小型金字塔等,都是此風格廟宇的特色。此風格多半有由圓形細柱支撐的雕刻門楣,以及以花卉圖案裝飾的拱形鑲邊,間或點綴著當中刻有神祇或神聖動物雕像的圓形浮雕。此雕刻風格也顯現出濃厚的早期印度教風格,例如:獨立的千手神祇雕像、大型雕像的身體重量轉移、鮮少出現深浮雕雕像、細緻且風格化的寫實主義,以及樸素的衣著與身體裝飾。 
Dutch ..... Verwijst naar de pre-Angkor-stijl van het midden van de 9de eeuw, waarvan het tempelcomplex van Sambor Prei Kuk een goed voorbeeld is. Tempels in deze stijl volgen de Indiase Gupta- en post-Gupta-bouwplannen en worden vooral gekenmerkt door een bakstenen constructie, centrale sanctuaria, gegoten basementen, muren die door pilasters zijn verdeeld in verticale panelen en die zijn versierd met blinde deuropeningen, nissen, reliëfpanelen en piramideachtige torens die op kleinere schaal het ontwerp van de grote tempelfaçade imiteren. De stijl wordt vaak gekenmerkt door beeldgesneden lateien die worden ondersteund door cirkelvormige colonnetten en gewelfde banden met bloempatronen die verspreid zijn aangebracht tussen cirkelvormige medaillons met een afbeelding van een god of heilig dier. De beeldhouwkundige stijl toont tevens sterke vroege hindoeïstische invloeden met veelarmige goden rondom, een sterk gevoel van gewichtverschuiving in grote beeldhouwwerken, het zelden voorkomen van beeldhouwwerken in hoogreliëf, subtiel gestileerd realisme, sobere kleding en lichaamsversieringen. 
Spanish ..... Se refiere al estilo pre-Angkor de mediados del siglo IX generalmente ejemplificado por el ciudad templo de Sambor Prei Kuk. Los templos en este estilo siguen los esquemas Gupta indio y post-Gupta y se caracterizan principalmente por la construcción de ladrillo, santuarios centrales, bases amoldadas, paredes divididas en paneles verticales por pilastras y adornadas con puertas falsas, nichos, paneles de relieve y torres piramidales que imitan a escala más pequeña el diseño de la fachada principal del templo. El estilo es menudo distinguido por dinteles tallados que son sostenidos por colonnettes redondos y bandas arqueadas con modelos florales intercalados entre medallones redondos que encierran una imagen de una deidad o criatura sagrada. El estilo escultórico también revela fuertes influencias hindúes antiguas ofreciendo deidades rodeadas de muchos brazos, un fuerte sentido de la distribución del peso en las esculturas grandes, la escasez de escultura en alto relieve, realismo estilizado sutil, vestidos austeros y adornos corporales. 

Sources and Contributors:
酷朗............  [AS-Academia Sinica Preferred]
...........  AS-Academia Sinica data (2014-)
Koulen............  [VP]
.................  Lee, History of Far Eastern Art (1982) 12
ku lang............  [AS-Academia Sinica]
.................  AS-Academia Sinica data (2014-)
kù lǎng............  [AS-Academia Sinica]
.................  AS-Academia Sinica data (2014-)
k'u lang............  [AS-Academia Sinica]
.................  AS-Academia Sinica data (2014-)
Kulên............  [CDBP-SNPC Preferred, RKD, AAT-Ned Preferred, VP Preferred]
..............  AAT-Ned (1994-)
..............  Groslier, Indo-China (1962) 8
..............  Grove Dictionary of Art online (1999-2002) "Cambodia: Sculpture: Pre-Angkor period;" "Cambodia: Architecture: Pre-Angkor period" Accessed 7/11/00
..............  Rooney, Khmer Ceramics (1984) 246
..............  TAA database (2000-)
..............  University of Michigan Slide Classification (n.d.)
Phnom Kulên............  [VP]
.......................  Lee, Ancient Cambodian Sculpture (1969) 34
 
Subject: .....  [AS-Academia Sinica, CDBP-SNPC, RKD, AAT-Ned, VP]
............  AAT-Ned (1994-)
............  Pearman, CMA Slide Library Classification (1980s) 25.2; Koulon
 
Note:
English .......... [VP]
.......... Legacy AAT data
Chinese (traditional) .......... [AS-Academia Sinica]
Dutch .......... [RKD, AAT-Ned]
.......... AAT-Ned (1994-)
Spanish .......... [CDBP-SNPC]
.......... TAA database (2000-)

 

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