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ID: 300019020
Page Link: http://vocab.getty.edu/page/aat/300019020

 

Record Type: concept
Rajput (Indian painting styles, Indian (South Asian), ... Styles and Periods (hierarchy name))

 

Note: Painting style of India associated with the Hindu Rajput princes, who came to power after the collapse of the Gupta empire. Their courts were often Hindu centers of learning and they were patrons of poets, scholars and artists. Rajput painting was a huge movement with markedly Indian characteristics, in a sense contrasting with the art of the Muslim Mughals who were their opponents. Nevertheless, as the Rajput rulers came to be obedient to the Mughal rulers in order to keep their territories, Mughal artistic developments affected traditional manuscript illumination of the Rajput courts in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries. The Mughals were particularly important to the introduction and spread of portrait painting in Rajput artistic centers. In contrast to Mughal painting which was realistic, Rajput painting is, like the Hindi literature it is closely tied to, symbolic and suffused with poetic metaphor. Even the colors used often had specific meaning; the coloration is typically flat and unblended in a manner suggesting stained glass. The known examples from the late sixteenth to the nineteenth century fall into two main groups, Rajasthani and Pahari.
 
Terms:
Rajput (preferred,C,U,English-P,D,U,A)
Rajput (Spanish-P,D,U,U)
Rajput (Dutch-P,D,U,U)
拉傑普特 (C,U,Chinese (traditional)-P,D,U,U)
拉其普特 (C,U,Chinese (traditional),UF,U,U)
lā jié pǔ tè (C,U,Chinese (transliterated Hanyu Pinyin)-P,UF,U,U)
la jie pu te (C,U,Chinese (transliterated Pinyin without tones)-P,UF,U,U)
la chieh p'u t'e (C,U,Chinese (transliterated Wade-Giles)-P,UF,U,U)
ראג'פוט (C,U,Hebrew,D,A)

Facet/Hierarchy Code:  F.FL

Hierarchical Position:

Hierarchy of Styles and Periods Facet
Styles and Periods Facet
Hierarchy of Styles and Periods (hierarchy name)
.... Styles and Periods (hierarchy name) (G)
Hierarchy of <styles, periods, and cultures by region>
........ <styles, periods, and cultures by region> (G)
Hierarchy of Asian
............ Asian (G)
Hierarchy of South Asian
................ South Asian (G)
Hierarchy of Indian (South Asian)
.................... Indian (South Asian) (G)
Hierarchy of Indian painting styles
........................ Indian painting styles (G)
Hierarchy of Rajput
............................ Rajput (G)

Additional Notes:
Chinese (traditional) ..... 指一種與印度拉傑普特王子有關的印度畫風。拉傑普特王子在笈多王朝滅亡後掌權。拉傑普特的宮廷多為印度教的學習中心,並多贊助詩人、學者、藝術家。拉其普特繪畫具有明顯的印度教特色,也是影響甚為廣大的文化運動,就某方面而言,與其對手伊斯蘭教的蒙兀兒人的藝術呈現對比。然而,為了保有其領土,拉傑普特的統治者臣服於蒙兀兒的統治,而蒙兀兒的藝術發展也在西元十六世紀晚期與十七世紀早期間影響了拉傑普特宮廷的傳統手抄本彩繪。蒙兀兒人在將肖像畫引介並傳播至拉傑普特的諸多藝術中心上尤其扮演重要角色。蒙兀兒畫風寫實,而拉傑普特畫風則與印度文學一樣較具有象徵性,充滿詩意的隱喻,類似與其密切相關的印度文學,即便是用色多半也具有特殊意義;其平塗而未加混色的顏色,令人聯想到彩繪玻璃。此風格於西元十六世紀晚期至十九世紀間的畫作可分為兩派:拉賈斯坦與帕哈里。 
Dutch ..... Indiase schilderstijl die wordt geassocieerd met de hindoeïstische Rajputvorsten, welke na de val van het Guptarijk aan de macht kwamen. Hun hoven waren vaak hindoeïstische leercentra, en ze begunstigden dichters, geleerden en kunstenaars. De Rajputschilderkunst was een omvangrijke stroming met een sterk Indiase inslag en vormde daardoor in zekere zin een contrast met de kunst van hun tegenstanders, de islamitische Mogols. Niettemin moesten de Rajputheersers zich uiteindelijk aan de Mogolheersers onderwerpen om hun gebied te kunnen behouden; het gevolg was dat de kunstzinnige ontwikkeling van de Mogols aan het eind van de 16de eeuw en het begin van de 17de eeuw invloed ging uitoefenen op de traditionele manuscriptverluchting van de Rajputhoven. De Mogols waren met name belangrijk voor de invoering en verspreiding van het portretschilderen in de kunstcentra van de Rajput. In tegenstelling tot de realistische schilderkunst van de Mogols is de Rajputschilderkunst symbolisch van karakter en al net zo doordrenkt met poëtische metaforen als de Hindiliteratuur waarmee deze kunst sterk verwant is. Zelfs de kleuren hadden vaak een specifieke betekenis; het coloriet is meestal vlak, zonder kleurmenging, waardoor er een soort glas-in-loodeffect ontstaat. De bekende voorbeelden uit de periode eind 16de eeuw tot de 19de eeuw vallen uiteen in twee hoofdgroepen, Rajasthan en Pahari. 
Spanish ..... Estilo de pintura India asociado con los príncipes hindúes Rajput que llegaron al poder después del derrumbamiento del imperio Gupta. Sus cortes fueron a menudo centros de aprendizaje hindúes y ellos fueron mecenas de poetas, estudiosos y artistas. La pintura Rajput fue un enorme movimiento con características marcadamente indias y contrasta, en cierto sentido, con el arte de los musulmanes Mughals que eran sus antagonistas. No obstante, cuando los gobernantes Rajput volvieron a ser obedientes a los gobernantes Mughal para mantener sus territorios, el desarrollo artístico Mughal afectó la tradicional ilustración de manuscritos de las cortes Rajput a fines del siglo XVI y a principios del siglo XVII. Los Mughals fueron particularmente importantes para la introducción y difusión de la pintura de retrato en los centros artísticos Rajput. En contraste a la pintura Mughal que era realista, la pintura Rajput es, como la literatura Hindi está estrechamente ligada a, la metáfora poética simbólica y sobrecargada. Incluso los colores que usaban a menudo tenían un significado específico; el colorido es típicamente plano y sin mezclar de una manera que hace pensar en vidrio coloreado. Los ejemplos conocidos de finales de los siglo XVI al XIX caen en dos grupos principales, Rajasthani y Pahari. 

Sources and Contributors:
拉傑普特............  [AS-Academia Sinica Preferred]
...........  大英百科全書線上繁體中文版 March 7, 2012
拉其普特............  [AS-Academia Sinica]
...........  TELDAP database (2009-)
ראג'פוט............  [IMJ]
.................  Israel Museum Jerusalem contribution (n.d.)
la chieh p'u t'e............  [AS-Academia Sinica]
.............................  TELDAP database (2009-)
lā jié pǔ tè............  [AS-Academia Sinica]
..........................  TELDAP database (2009-)
la jie pu te............  [AS-Academia Sinica]
.......................  TELDAP database (2009-)
Rajput............  [CDBP-SNPC Preferred, GCI Preferred, IMJ Preferred, RKD, AAT-Ned Preferred, VP Preferred]
.................  Aarsbergen, Kroniek van de mensheid (1991)
.................  AAT-Ned (1994-)
.................  AATA database (2002-) 159511 checked 26 January 2012
.................  Bussagli and Sivaramamurti, 5000 Years of the Art of India (1971) illustration, 301
.................  Cofmaraswamy, History of Indian and Indonesian Art (1927) 286
.................  Dasai, Life at Court (1985) xvi
.................  Getty Vocabulary Program rules needs diacritics
.................  Harle, Art and Architecture of the Indian Subcontinent (1986) 591
.................  Heibonsha Survey of Japanese Art (1972-1980) 775
.................  Israel Museum Jerusalem contribution (n.d.)
.................  Krammisch, Painted Delight (1986) TABC
.................  Pearman, CMA Slide Library Classification (1980s) 324
.................  Rowland, Art and Architecture of India (1970) 509
.................  TAA database (2000-)
 
Subject: .....  [AS-Academia Sinica, CDBP-SNPC, GCI, IMJ, RKD, AAT-Ned, VP]
............  Aarsbergen, Kroniek van de mensheid (1991)
............  AATA database (2002-) 159511 checked 26 January 2012
............  CDMARC Subjects: LCSH (1988-) Rajput...
............  Cofmaraswamy, History of Indian and Indonesian Art (1927) 127; Rajput painting
............  Israel Museum Jerusalem contribution (n.d.)
 
Note:
English .......... [VP]
.......... Legacy AAT data
Chinese (traditional) .......... [AS-Academia Sinica]
.......... TELDAP database (2009-)
Dutch .......... [RKD, AAT-Ned]
.......... Aarsbergen, Kroniek van de mensheid (1991)
.......... AAT-Ned (1994-)
Spanish .......... [CDBP-SNPC]
.......... TAA database (2000-)

 

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