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Guler (Pahari (style), Rajput, ... Styles and Periods (hierarchy name)) |
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Note: Refers to a regional school of Pahari miniature painting associated with the small principality of Guler in the eastern Pahari hills. Guler was home to some of the most gifted artist families of the area during the 18th and 19th centuries. The ruling house of Guler served the Mughal empire which certainly affected the development of painting in Guler, since paintings were often exchanged and given as gifts. The family of Pandit Seu (early 18th century) was a celebrated artistic family originating from Guler as were the Dhumun and Purkhu families. Pandi Seu himself may have been responsible for the integration of Pahari intensity with Mughal naturalism and atmospheric effects that became the norm in Guler painting. Later artist families continued to be influenced by Pandit Seu and may have been distantly related to him. Guler artists may have migrated to Chamba and Kangra when their families expanded and there was increased outside patronage.
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| Terms: |
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| Guler (preferred,C,U,English-P,D,U,A)
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| Guler (Spanish-P,D,U,U)
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| Guler (Dutch-P,D,U,U)
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| 古勒 (C,U,Chinese (traditional)-P,D,U,U)
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| 谷樂 (C,U,Chinese (traditional),UF,U,U)
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| gǔ lè (C,U,Chinese (transliterated Hanyu Pinyin)-P,UF,U,U)
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| gu le (C,U,Chinese (transliterated Pinyin without tones)-P,UF,U,U)
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| ku le (C,U,Chinese (transliterated Wade-Giles)-P,UF,U,U)
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| גולר (C,U,Hebrew,D,A)
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Facet/Hierarchy Code: F.FL |
Hierarchical Position:
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Styles and Periods Facet |
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.... Styles and Periods (hierarchy name) (G) |
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........ <styles, periods, and cultures by region> (G) |
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............ Asian (G) |
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................ South Asian (G) |
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.................... Indian (South Asian) (G) |
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........................ Indian painting styles (G) |
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............................ Rajput (G) |
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................................ Pahari (style) (G) |
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.................................... Guler (G) |
Additional Notes: |
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| Chinese (traditional) ..... 指帕哈里細密畫的其中一支地區畫派，與位於東部帕哈里山丘的小型公國古勒有關。西元十八與十九世紀期間，古勒當地上居住了該區一些極具天賦的藝術家家族。由於古勒的王室臣服於蒙兀兒帝國，且繪畫經常作為兩方交流及互贈的禮物，因此，蒙兀兒帝國對於古勒繪畫的發展造成了一定的影響。潘迪蘇（Pandit Seu）家族（十八世紀早期）與德胡姆（Dhumu）家族、派克胡（Purkhu）家族一樣都是來自古勒的著名繪畫世家。潘迪蘇自己可能是結合帕哈里的強烈風格與蒙兀兒富有氣氛的自然主義風格的先驅，其創造的融合風格也成為古勒繪畫的規範。之後的繪畫家族不僅持續受到潘迪蘇的影響，也可能與他有遠親關係。隨著家族的擴大，古勒畫家可能遷移到查謨與坎格拉，外部的贊助也隨之增加。
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| Dutch ..... Verwijst naar een regionale school van Pahari-miniatuurschilderkunst die wordt geassocieerd met het kleine vorstendom Guler in het oosten van het heuvelgebied van Pahari. In de 18de en 19de eeuw leefden er in Guler een aantal kunstenaarsfamilies die tot de begaafdste van de regio behoorden. De destijds heersende dynastie diende het Mogolrijk, iets wat duidelijk terug te zien is in de ontwikkeling van de schilderkunst in Guler, aangezien schilderijen vaak werden uitgewisseld of geschonken. De familie Pandit Seu (begin 18de eeuw) was een vooraanstaande kunstenaarsfamilie die oorspronkelijk uit Guler afkomstig was, evenals de familie Dhumun en Purkhu. Pandi Seu zelf was mogelijk verantwoordelijk voor de versmelting van de intensiteit van de Pahari-kunst met het naturalisme en de atmosferische effecten van de Mogols, later vaste stijlkenmerken van de Guler-schilderkunst. Ook latere kunstenaarsfamilies lieten zich beïnvloeden door Pandit Seu, en zijn mogelijk verre verwanten. Wellicht trokken Guler-kunstenaars naar Chamba en Kangra toen hun families groter werden en er steeds meer opdrachten van buiten Guler kwamen. |
| Spanish ..... Se refiere a una escuela regional de pintura en miniatura Pahari asociada con el pequeño principado de Guler en las colinas orientales de Pahari. Guler fue el hogar de algunas de las familias de artistas más dotadas del área durante los siglos XVIII y XIX La casa gobernante Guler sirvió el imperio Mughal lo que ciertamente afectó el desarrollo de la pintura en Guler, ya que las pinturas eran a menudo intercambiadas y entregadas como regalos. La familia Pandit Seu (principios del siglo XVIII) fue una famosa familia artística originaria de Guler como fueron las familias Dhumun y Purkhu. El propio Pandi Seu puede haber sido responsable de la integración de la intensidad Pahari al naturalismo Mughal y los efectos atmosféricos que se volvieron la norma en la pintura Guler. Después las familias de artistas continuaron siendo influenciadas por Pandit Seu y se pueden haber sido lejanamente relacionadas a él. Artistas de Guler pueden haber emigrado a Chamba y Kangra cuando sus familias se agrandaron y aumentaron fuera del patronazgo. |
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Sources and Contributors: |
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| Guler............ |
[CDBP-SNPC Preferred, IMJ Preferred, RKD, AAT-Ned Preferred, VP Preferred] |
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AAT-Ned (1994-) |
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Dasai, Life at Court (1985) 157 |
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Goetz, India (1981) |
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Grove Dictionary of Art (1996) illustration, Vol. 15, 628 |
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Israel Museum Jerusalem contribution (n.d.) |
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Leach, Indian Miniature Paintings (1986) vii |
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Pal, Court Paintings of India (1983) 333 |
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Pearman, CMA Slide Library Classification (1980s) 324 |
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TAA database (2000-) |
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Tandan, Indian Miniature Painting (1982) 12 |
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University of Michigan Slide Classification (n.d.) 3W |
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