ID: 700007310 Page link: http://vocab.getty.edu/page/cona/700007310	Record Type: Movable Work
Images: 1 2 3

The Crucifixion (illumination (painting); Unknown German (German Illuminator); fourth quarter of 15th century...; J. Paul Getty Museum at the Getty Center (Los Angeles, Los A...; 93.MS.37.recto)

Note: The dead Christ, his body emaciated and his face tinged green, hangs on a monumental cross on Calvary. Angels at his wrists and feet capture his blood in golden chalices. Below, the sorrowful mother of Jesus lowers her head, closes her eyes, and crosses her hands over her bosom, a stoic figure of great dignity. Opposite her, John the Evangelist also stands quietly, his right arm over his heart. Contrasting with these still figures, the drapery of the angels and Christ above flutters and billows expressively, full of movement. Similarly expressive details such as Christ's protruding ribs and his taut, strained arms encourage the viewer's empathic response to the Crucifixion. Jerusalem appears in the background, envisioned as a bustling German city. The presence of the angels capturing Christ's blood is traditional in German Crucifixion images from around 1500 and relates to the sacrament of Holy Communion. In the ritual of Communion, the body and blood of Christ are understood to be present in the Eucharistic elements of bread and wine. This miniature may have come from a missal and served appropriately as the prefatory image to the Canon of the Mass, read while the priest prepares the bread and wine for the Eucharist.

Titles:

The Crucifixion (preferred,C,U,RP,English-P,U,U)

Miniature, Possibly from a Manuscript (C,U,GP,English,U,U)

Catalog Level: item

Work Types:

illumination (painting) [300264522] (preferred)

..... (Objects Facet, Visual and Verbal Communication (hierarchy name), Visual Works (hierarchy name), visual works (works), <visual works by material or technique>, paintings (visual works), <paintings by location or context>)

detached leaf [300379890]

..... (Objects Facet, Components (hierarchy name), components (objects parts), <components by specific context>, information form components, gathered matter components, leaves (gathered matter))

missal [300026472]

..... (Objects Facet, Visual and Verbal Communication (hierarchy name), Information Forms (hierarchy name), information forms (objects), document genres, <documents by function>, religious texts, liturgical texts)

Classifications:

manuscripts (preferred)

Creation Date: fourth quarter of 15th century

Creator Display:

Unknown German (German Illuminator) [preferred,JPGM]

unknown German (German cultural designation) Qualifier: undetermined Extent: undetermined [500125236]

Locations:

Current: J. Paul Getty Museum at the Getty Center (Los Angeles, Los Angeles county, California, United States) [500329598] J. Paul Getty Museum, J. Paul Getty Trust, Corporate Bodies (Corp. Body)

Repository Numbers: 93.MS.37.recto

Other: Creation: Franken [7012456] Germany (nation), Europe (continent), World (facet) (Geographic)

Display Materials: Tempera colors and gold on parchment

	tempera [300015062]
	.......(Materials Facet, Materials (hierarchy name), materials (substances), <materials by function>, coating (material), <coating by form>, paint (coating), <paint by composition or origin>, water-base paint)

	gold (metal) [300011021]
	.......(Materials Facet, Materials (hierarchy name), materials (substances), <materials by composition>, inorganic material, metal, <metal by composition or origin>, nonferrous metal, <gold and gold alloy>)

	parchment (animal material) [300011851]
	.......(Materials Facet, Materials (hierarchy name), materials (substances), <materials by origin>, biological material, animal material, processed animal material)

Dimensions: Leaf (cutting): 38.8 x 24.3 cm (15 1/4 x 9 9/16 in.)

Cultures:

German (preferred)

General Subject:

religion and mythology (preferred)

Specific Subjects:

	Crucifixion of Christ [901000242]
	.....((Passion of Christ, Life of Jesus Christ, New Testament narratives, Christian iconography, Legend, Religion, Mythology)) (ICON)

	John the Evangelist, Saint [901001232]
	.....((Christian characters, Christian iconography, Legend, Religion, Mythology)) (ICON)

	angels (spirits) [300379004]
	.....(Agents Facet, People (hierarchy name), people (agents), <people by occupation>, <people in the humanities>, <people in religion and related occupations>, people in religion, spirits (beings)) (AAT)

	Mary, Blessed Virgin [901000032]
	.....((Christian characters, Christian iconography, Legend, Religion, Mythology)) (ICON)

List/Hierarchical Position:

..... Movable Works

.......... Movable Works by class: drawings, paintings, prints, other two-dimensional media

............... Miniature, Possibly from a Manuscript

Sources and Contributors:
The Crucifixion	........ [JPGM,VP]
	........ J. Paul Getty Museum database for collections (2000-)
Miniature, Possibly from a Manuscript	........ [JPGM,VP]
	........ J. Paul Getty Museum database for collections (2000-)

Subject: ....... [JPGM,VP]

Note:
English	..... [VP,JPGM]
	..... J. Paul Getty Museum, collections online (2000-)