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carbon process (bichromate processes, pigment processes, ... Processes and Techniques (hierarchy name)) |
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Note: Printing process in which powdered carbon is used as a pigment to form an image, particularly when the process employs sensitized carbon tissue on gelatin. The process was patented by Joseph Wilson Swan in 1864, his work having been base on the work of A. L. Poitevin; it was actively exploited in England by the Autotype Company, who acquired Swan's patent rights in 1868. The process depends upon the hardening action of light on bichromated gelatin, whereby sheets of pigmented gelatin are used to transfer images to a paper support.
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| Terms: |
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| carbon process (preferred,C,U,LC,English-P,D,U,U)
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| carbon print process (C,U,English,UF,U,U)
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| print process, carbon (C,U,English,UF,U,U)
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| autotypy (carbon process) (C,U,English,UF,U,U)
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............ | term derived from the Autotype Company, which used the process |
| 碳粉印相法 (C,U,Chinese (traditional)-P,D,U,U)
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| 碳墨複寫印相法 (C,U,Chinese (traditional),UF,U,U)
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| tàn fěn yìn xiàng fǎ4 (C,U,Chinese (transliterated Hanyu Pinyin)-P,UF,U,U)
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| tan fen yin xiang fa (C,U,Chinese (transliterated Pinyin without tones)-P,UF,U,U)
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| t'an fen yin hsiang fa (C,U,Chinese (transliterated Wade-Giles)-P,UF,U,U)
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| kooldrukprocedés (C,U,Dutch-P,D,U,U)
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| kooldrukprocedé (C,U,Dutch,AD,U,U)
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| procedimento al carbone (C,U,Italian-P,D,U,SN)
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| carbone (C,U,Italian,UF,U,SN)
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| processo al carbone (C,U,Italian,UF,U,SN)
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| proceso al carbón (C,U,Spanish-P,D,U,U)
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| carbotipia (C,U,Spanish,AD,U,U)
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Facet/Hierarchy Code: K.KT |
Hierarchical Position:
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Activities Facet |
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.... Processes and Techniques (hierarchy name) (G) |
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........ <processes and techniques by specific type> (G) |
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............ <image-making processes and techniques> (G) |
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................ <photography and photographic processes and techniques> (G) |
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.................... photographic processes (G) |
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........................ pigment processes (G) |
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............................ bichromate processes (G) |
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................................ carbon process (G) |
Additional Notes: |
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| Chinese (traditional) ..... 以碳粉為色料形成影像的沖印技法，特別是指利用膠質製成的碳料薄紙組織來感光成像者，主要是利用含有重鉻酸鹽的膠質照光後會硬化的特性，由帶有色料的膠質層將圖像轉印至紙基。此種技法由約瑟夫．威爾森．斯旺（Joseph Wilson Swan）於1864年發明並取得專利，這是由斯旺根據普瓦特萬（A. L. Poitevin）的發明進一步改良而成。英國的科圖泰公司（Autotype Company）積極採用此技法，並在西元1868年從斯旺手中取得此印相法的專利權。 |
| Dutch ..... Fotografische procédés waarbij gelatine, dat door middel van dichromaat lichtgevoelig is gemaakt, samen met een pigment, b.v. koolstof, op pigmentpapier wordt aangebracht. Tijdens de belichting wordt de gelatine in meerdere of mindere mate gelooid, afhankelijk van de zwarting in het negatief. Deze gelooide gelatine is niet oplosbaar in water. Om het beeld te kunnen ontwikkelen (waarbij de niet-gelooide gelatine, die zich onder het gelooide laagje bevindt, verwijderd moet worden) moet het belichte pigmentpapier overgedragen worden op een tijdelijke drager. Na de ontwikkeling in warm water, wordt het beeld, dat spiegelbeeldig op deze tijdelijke drager is aangebracht, nogmaals overgedragen op het uiteindelijke papier. Veel toegepast voor kunstreproducties. |
| Spanish ..... Proceso bicromado para realizar impresiones fotográficas utilizando un pigmento de carbón para formar la imagen. El proceso más utilizado con carbón fue el de J.W. Swan, introducido en 1864, que utilizó láminas de gelatina pigmentada que eran transferidas durante el procesamiento a un papel de soporte. |
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Related concepts: |
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| produces .... |
carbon prints |
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(pigment prints, <photographic prints by process>, ... Visual and Verbal Communication (hierarchy name)) [300127138] |
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Sources and Contributors: |
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| carbon process............ |
[GCI Preferred, VP Preferred] |
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AATA database (2002-) 121508 checked 26 January 2012 |
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CDMARC Subjects: LCSH (1988-) |
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Gernsheim, History of Photography (1969) 308 |
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Grove Art Online (2008-) |
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International Center of Photography Encyclopedia of Photography (1984) |
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Jones, Cassell's Cyclopedia of Photography (1911) |
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Neblette, Photography, 5th ed (1952) 386 |
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Personal Communication Richard Pearce-Moses, Curator of Photgraphs, Arizona State University, Tempe, Spring 1989. |
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Rosenblum, World History of Photography (1981) IND |
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Webster's Third New International Dictionary (1961) |
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Woodbury, Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Photography (1979) |
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