Object/Work
|
Catalog Level: component
Type: campanile
|
Controlled list
Authority
|
|
Classification
|
Terms:
architecture
European art
|
Controlled list
|
|
Titles or Names
|
Text: Leaning Tower of Pisa
Preference:
preferred
Language:
English
Text: Campanile
Preference:
alternate
Text:
Torre Pendente
Preference:
alternate
Language:
Italian
|
Free text
Controlled lists
|
|
Creation
|
Creator Description: architect and
engineer: begun by Bonanno Pisano (Italian, active
late 12th century) or Gherardo di Gherardo (Italian,
active late 12th century); continued by Giovanni Pisano
(Italian, born ca. 1240, died before 1320) and Giovanni
di Simone (Italian, active ca. 1260?ca. 1286); finished
by Tommaso Pisano (Italian, died after 1372)
|
Free text
|
|
|
Identity:
Bonanno Pisano
Role:
architect
Identity:
Gherardo di Gherardo
Role:
architect
Identity:
Giovanni Pisano
Role:
architect
Identity:
Giovanni di Simone
Role:
architect
Identity:
Tommaso Pisano
Role:
architect
|
Authority
Authority
|
|
|
Creation Date:
tower was begun in 1173 and completed in the 14th
century
Earliest:
1173 Latest:
1399
|
Free text
Controlled format
|
|
Styles/Periods/ Groups/Movements
|
Indexing Term: Romanesque
|
Authority
|
|
Measurements
|
Dimensions Description: 8 stories,
56 m (height) (185 feet), inclination is about 4.9
m (16 feet) off the perpendicular
|
Free text
|
|
|
Value: 56 Unit: m Type:
height
Dimensions Extent: stories
Value: 8 Type: count
|
Controlled format and controlled
list
|
|
Materials and Techniques
|
Description: bearing masonry, cut
stone construction, round plan, white marble inlaid
on the exterior with colored marble
|
Free text
|
| |
Material Name:
masonry
marble
Technique Names:
bearing
walls
dimension
stone
round
plan
inlaying
|
Authority
|
|
Subject Matter
|
Indexing Terms:
architecture
religion/mythology
bell
tower
|
Authority
|
|
Descriptive Note
|
Text: Vasari reports that the tower
was begun by Bonanno Pisano, but modern research indicates
the plan may have been by Gherardo di Gherardo. The
uneven settling of the campanile's foundations during
its construction caused the tower to lean. Work was
continued by Giovanni Pisano and Giovanni di Simone
in 1275, with the addition of another three floors
in a direction that bent opposite to the inclination
to compensate for the flaw; but the added weight caused
the tower to lean even more. According to Vasari,
Tommaso di Andrea Pisano completed the belfry between
1350 and 1372. Modern efforts are underway to prevent
the further leaning and ultimate collapse of the tower.
|
Free text
|
|
|
Citation: Touring Club Italiano: Toscana
(1984)
Page: 117 ff.
Citation: Soprintendenza ai Beni Ambientali
Architettonici Artistici e Storici, Pisa Livorno Lucca
Massa Carrara online
Page: accessed 4 February 2004
Citation: Vite de piu eccellenti pittori,
scultori, e architettori (1511-1574)
|
Authority
Free text
|
|
Related Works
|
Broader Context: Cathedral of Pisa
(Piazza del Duomo, Pisa, Italy)
|
Authority
|
|
Current Location
|
Repository Name/Geographic Location:
Pisa (Tuscany, Italy)
|
Authority
|
Revised 28 August 2006
