Windmills were ubiquitous in seventeenth-century Holland and they remain the best-known symbol of the Dutch landscape. Jacob van Ruisdael first depicted them as a precocious teenager and continued to represent all types in various settings until his very last years. Water mills, in contrast, were scarce in the new Dutch Republic, found mainly in the eastern provinces, particularly near the border with Germany. Ruisdael discovered them in the early 1650s and was the first artist to make water mills the principal subject of a landscape.

His most celebrated painting, Windmill at Wijk bij Duurstede at the Rijksmuseum, and the J. Paul Getty Museum’s Two Undershot Water Mills with an Open Sluice are the centerpieces of this overview of the artist’s depictions of windmills and water mills. Both depended upon forces of nature for their operation, but their use in the Netherlands and their place in seventeenth-century Dutch art differed considerably. This book examines their role in Holland and introduces readers to the pleasure of studying Ruisdael’s images of them, a joy conveyed by the English landscapist John Constable in a letter written to his dearest friend after seeing a Ruisdael painting of a water mill in a London shop: “It haunts my mind and clings to my heart.”

• Preface
• Acknowledgements
• Editorial Note and Abbreviations
• Biography of Jacob van Ruisdael
• Part I: Windmills
  • 1. Windmills in the Netherlands
  • 1. Early Years in Haarlem
  • 1. The Middle Years
  • 1. Windmill at Wijk bij Duurstede
  • 1. Windmills in Winter Landscapes
  • 1. Windmills in Urban Views
• Part II: Water Mills
  • 1. New Motifs Discovered in the Eastern Borderlands
  • 1. The Getty Museum’s Two Undershot Water Mills with an Open Sluice
  • 1. Other Undershot Water Mills of the 1650s
  • 1. Views of an Overshot Water Mill
  • 1. Coda
• Notes
• Bibliography
• Index of Collections
• Concordance
• Index

Seymour Slive (1920–2014), an expert on seventeenth- century Dutch art, was Gleason Professor of Fine Arts Emeritus at Harvard University and former Elizabeth and John Moors Cabot Director of the Harvard Art Museums.