This volume covers both practical and statistical aspects of experimental design, as well as laboratory experiments on art materials and clinical experiments with art objects. The material should be useful to working conservators and conservation scientists.

• Preface
• 1. Conservation Science and Practice
  • 1.1 Conservation Research
  • 1.2 Classification of Conservation Research & Knowledge
    • 1.2.1 Phase
    • 1.2.2 Study Types
    • 1.2.3 Conservation Research Problems
    • 1.2.4 Art Objects and Materials
  • 1.3 Experimental Design
    • 1.3.1 Literature Survey
    • 1.3.2 Planning
    • 1.3.3 Major Aspects of Experimental
• 2.1 Steps in The Scientific Method
• 2.2 Research Questions
• 2.3 Hypotheses
  • 2.3.1 Contingency
  • 2.3.2 Multiplicity
  • 2.3.3 Two Cautionary Tales
• 2.4 Experiments and Observations
• 2.5 Analysis and interpretation
  • 2.5.1 Statistical Hypothesis Testing
• 2.6 Examples
  • 2.6.1 Technological Example
  • 2.6.2 Scientific Example
  • 2.6.3 Observational Example
  • 2.6.4 Summary Example
• 3.1 Advantages and Use
• 3.2 Measurements on Single Objects
  • 3.2.1 One Measurement
  • 3.2.2 Simultaneous Measurement of Multiple Variables
  • 3.2.3 Two Measurements of One Variable
  • 3.2.4 Repeated Measurements of One Variable
  • 3.2.5 Treatment Effects
• 3.3 Design 1: One Treatment interval
  • 3.3.1 Random Selection From Multiple intervals
  • 3.3.2 Test Statistics
  • 3.3.3 Treatment Randomization Tests
  • 3.3.4 One-Sided and Two-Sided Tests
• 3.4 Design 2: Multiple Treatment intervals
  • 3.4.1 Example with Calculations
  • 3.4.2 Selecting Combinations
• 3.5 Other Designs For One Treatment on a Single Object
  • 3.5.1 Design 3: Single Treatment Patch
  • 3.5.2 Design 4: Multiple Treatment Patches
  • 3.5.3 Design 5: Multiple Treatment Patch-intervals
  • 3.5.4 Design 6: Paired Treatment-Control intervals
  • 3.5.5 Design 7: Order-Balanced Paired intervals
• 3.5 Multiple Treatments and Conditions
• 4.1 Goals
  • 4.1.1 Strategy
  • 4.1.2 Questions
  • 4.1.3 Research Programs
  • 4.1.4 Observational Studies
• 4.2 Objects
  • 4.2.1 Study Units
  • 4.2 2 Replicates
  • 4.2.3 How Many Experimental Units?
  • 4.2.4 Random Selection
• 4.3 Measurements
  • 4.3.1 Dataset Structure
  • 4.3.2 Repeated Readings
  • 4.3.3 Repeated Measurements
  • 4.3.4 Avoidance of Bias
• 4.4 Treatments
  • 4.4.1 Controls
  • 4.4.2 Randomization
• 5.1 Dataset Structure
  • 5.1.1 Missing Values
  • 5.1.2 Repetitions
  • 5.1.3 Data Values and Analytical Methods
• 5.2 Estimation of Parameters
  • 5.2.1 Data Models
  • 5.2.2 Curve Fitting
  • 5.2.3 More Models
• 5.3 inference and Hypothesis Testing
  • 5.3.1 One-Sided and Two-Sided Tests
  • 5.3.2 Randomization, Ranks, and Distributions
  • 5.3.3 Tests Based On The Normal Distribution
  • 5.3.4 Tests Based On Ranks
  • 5.3.5 Points, intervals, and Significance
• 5.4 Working with Statisticians
• 6.1 One Group
  • 6.1.1 Comparison To A Standard
  • 6.1.2 Color Match Example
  • 6.1.3 One Treatment
  • 6.1.4 Color Match, Part 2
  • 6.1.5 Paired Treatments
  • 6.1.6 Color Match, Paired
• 6.2 Two Groups
  • 6.2.1 Historical Controls
  • 6.2.2 Two Treatment Groups
  • 6.2.3 Crossover and Related Two-Factor Designs
• 6.3 Multiple Groups
  • 6.3.1 Multiple Treatments
  • 6.3.2 Multiple Factors
  • 6.3.3 Random Effects
  • 6.3.4 Repeated-Measures Factorials
  • 6.3.5 Single-Replicate Factorials
  • 6.3.6 Fractional Factorials
  • 6.3 7 Blocks and Latin Squares
  • 6.3.8 Quality Control and Improvement
• 6.4 Conservation Research Examples
  • 6.4.1 Cobalt Blue and Linseed Oil Drying
  • 6.4.2 Mordant and Yellow Dye Fading
  • 6.4.3 Light and Textile Dye Fading
  • 6.4.4 Linen Canvas Weakening
  • 6.4.5 Book Deterioration Survey
• 6.5 Work Sheet For Experimental Design
• 7.1 Clinical Trials in Medicine
  • 7.1.1 History
  • 7.1.2 Trial Personnel
• 7.2 Goal and Plans
  • 7.2.1 Better Treatments
  • 7.2.2 Drug Testing Phases
  • 7.2.3 Conservation Research
• 7.3 Objects
• 7.4 Measurements
• 7.5 Treatments
  • 7.5.1 Selection
  • 7.5.2 Randomization and Masking
  • 7.5.3 Protocol
• 7.6 Analysis

Terry J. Reedy was a consulting statistician from 1979 to 1989 in the Biomathematics Unit of the Center for Ulcer Research and Education in the School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles. This work gave him broad experience with the practical problems of data analysis in scientific research. He also has experience in the problems of statistics in archaeometry, art history and conservation research. He works as an independent consultant and writer.

Chandra L. Reedy did conservation research at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art from 1986 to 1989. She coordinates the Ph.D. program and teaches in the Art Conservation Department of the University of Delaware. Her particular interests are regional provenance studies and the role of experimental design and statistical analysis in the study of art and art conservation.