ID: 700008667 Page link: http://vocab.getty.edu/page/cona/700008667	Record Type: Movable Work
Images: 1

Getty Apocalypse (illuminated manuscript; Unknown English; commentary by Berengaudus; around 1255/1260; cover, early...; J. Paul Getty Museum (Los Angeles, Los Angeles county, Calif...; 83.MC.72; Ms. Ludwig III 1)

Note: 41 folios + 6 flyleaves, 82 half-page miniatures, 42 historiated initials. Probably created in London. Every page of the manuscript contains a brief passage from the Biblical Apocalypse of St. John written in black ink, a portion of a popular commentary written by a monk named Berengaudus in red ink, and a half-page miniature. The miniatures, executed in a sophisticated tinted drawing technique, faithfully follow the text's vivid descriptions of visions and do not particularly reflect Berengaudus's commentary. The illuminator incorporated Saint John experiencing his vision into the majority of scenes, lending authority and a sense of immediacy to the images. The Apocalypse inspired the creation of many illuminated manuscripts in England in the 1200s and Western Europe because of recent cataclysmic events, including the Tartars' invasion of Russia in the 1230s and the fall of Jerusalem to the Moslems in 1244. These events raised fears that the end of time was at hand.

Titles:

Getty Apocalypse (preferred,C,U,English-P,U,U)

Ms. Ludwig III 1 (C,U,MD,undetermined,U,U)

Dyson Perrins Apocalypse (H,U,English,U,U)

Catalog Level: volume

Work Types:

illuminated manuscript [300265483] (preferred)

..... (Objects Facet, Visual and Verbal Communication (hierarchy name), Information Forms (hierarchy name), information forms (objects), document genres, <documents by conditions of production>, manuscripts (documents))

Bible [300264513]

..... (Objects Facet, Visual and Verbal Communication (hierarchy name), Information Forms (hierarchy name), information forms (objects), document genres, <documents by function>, religious texts)

commentaries [300026098]

..... (Associated Concepts Facet, Associated Concepts (hierarchy name), <concepts in the arts and humanities>, <genres in literature and performing arts>, <genres for literature>)

book [300028051]

..... (Objects Facet, Visual and Verbal Communication (hierarchy name), Information Forms (hierarchy name), information forms (objects), information artifacts, <information artifacts by physical form>)

Classifications:

manuscripts (preferred)

Creation Date: around 1255/1260; cover, early 20th century

Creator Display:

Unknown English; commentary by Berengaudus [preferred,VP]

illuminator unknown English (English cultural designation) [500125227]

author Berengaudus (Benedictine monk, probably ca. 840-ca. 892) [500356974]

Locations:

Current: J. Paul Getty Museum (Los Angeles, Los Angeles county, California, United States) [500115988] J. Paul Getty Trust, Corporate Bodies (Corp. Body)

Repository Numbers: 83.MC.72; Ms. Ludwig III 1

Other: Creation: London [7011781] Greater London (metropolitan area), England (country), United Kingdom (nation), Europe (continent), World (facet) (Geographic)

Display Materials: tempera colors, gold leaf, colored washes, and ink on parchment bound between pasteboard covered with red morocco

	tempera [300015062]
	.......(Materials Facet, Materials (hierarchy name), materials (substances), <materials by function>, coating (material), <coating by form>, paint (coating), <paint by composition or origin>, water-base paint)

	gold leaf [300264831]
	.......(Materials Facet, Materials (hierarchy name), materials (substances), <materials by composition>, inorganic material, metal, <metal by form>, leaf (metal))

	wash (material) [300011051]
	.......(Materials Facet, Materials (hierarchy name), materials (substances), <materials by function>, coating (material), <coating by form>)

	ink [300015012]
	.......(Materials Facet, Materials (hierarchy name), materials (substances), <materials by function>, coating (material), <coating by form>)

	parchment (animal material) [300011851]
	.......(Materials Facet, Materials (hierarchy name), materials (substances), <materials by origin>, biological material, animal material, processed animal material)

	pasteboard (paper) [300162474]
	.......(Materials Facet, Materials (hierarchy name), materials (substances), <materials by form>, <materials by physical form>, <fiber and fiber by product>, <fiber by product>, paper (fiber product), <paper by form>)

	morocco (leather) [300227857]
	.......(Materials Facet, Materials (hierarchy name), materials (substances), <materials by origin>, biological material, animal material, processed animal material, leather, <leather by process>, vegetable-tanned leather, vegetable-tanned goatskin)

Dimensions: closed: 33 x 24.1 x 2.5 cm (13 x 9 1/2 x 1 in.)

Cultures:

English (preferred)

General Subject:

religion and mythology (preferred)

Specific Subjects:

	Apocalypse [901000632]
	.....((New Testament narratives, Christian iconography, Legend, Religion, Mythology)) (ICON)

	John the Divine, Saint [901001232]
	.....((Christian characters, Christian iconography, Legend, Religion, Mythology)) (ICON)

List/Hierarchical Position:

..... Movable Works

.......... Movable Works by class: drawings, paintings, prints, other two-dimensional media

Sources and Contributors:
Getty Apocalypse	........ [VP,JPGM]
	........ J. Paul Getty Museum database for collections (2000-)
Ms. Ludwig III 1	........ [VP]
	........ Getty Museum, Authority file (2003-)
Dyson Perrins Apocalypse	........ [VP]
	........ J. Paul Getty Museum database for collections (2000-)

Subject: ....... [VP]

Note:
English	..... [VP]
	..... J. Paul Getty Museum, collections online (2000-)