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Wagner’s plan differs significantly from the city plan of his contemporary Camillo Sitte. In his 1889 book City Planning According to Artistic Principles,Sitte rejected Wagner’s endless vistas extending along symmetrically laid out axes. Instead Sitte proposed urban designs based on analyses of historic city plans. His favorite models were medieval and Baroque cities, whose streets were broken up by monuments, squares, or other visual obstacles. Despite their different approaches to urban design, Wagner and Sitte shared a conception of the city as a cultural artifact that had evolved out of use and habit. It was their view that the city must be considered as a three-dimensional architectonic whole.
